How would you have answered this question?
1. What makes the Indian society unique in sustaining its culture? Discuss.
- Its Consntitutional backing of idea of secularism for e.g. preamble, FRs(A25 to 28),etc.
- Its historic/ancient Ideas and beliefs like Athithi devo bhava, vasudhaivakutumbakam
- Its concept of Unity in diversity e.g.- inter-religious harmony(Muslims celebrating Diwali, Hindus enjoying sewayi on Eid)
- Its phenomena of Social service-Religious practices nexus, example, langar in gurudwara or temple, donations during relief work like Uttarakhand floods
- Its historical background- e.g. being a slave of a foreing land for more than 200 years,(The pain and sorrow that a golden bird faces after being chained). A reason why India is strictly against imperialism/colonialism.
- It’s openness to various faiths and people from all over the world. For example, India-Japan cultural ties, India-Tibet ties(Buddhism).Foreigners visiting holy places like Rishikesh.
- Its cultural proximity with neighbouring nations. Example- cuisines it share with its neighbouring countries like Biryani and Korma famous in 3 countries of south asia(India, Afghanistan and Pakistan).
All these incidents and factors have culminated/resulted into present India which is Tolerant, Diverse, Open,Strong and Vibrant in nature.
This answer suits more to the question -
The spirit tolerance and love is not onlyan interesting feature of Indian society from very early times, but it is also playing an important partat the present. Elaborate 250 words -(Mains 2017.
@upsc2020 pls review10- 11 minutesAccording to plfs women workforce participation remains at 23% this is much more pronounced in Stem field.Unesco 2018 report shows that 44% of bachelors grad. and 41% doctoral are women in India however they are limited in field of education and medicineIssue=Demand side1)Societal norms= pushes toward caregiving role-limited option to work - Feminisationof workforce,eg teaching nursing2)Stem field calls for demanding work hour-lack of enabling infra such as safety standards last mine connectivity.3)Family roles are seen as duty of women-perpetuated by govt policies-Maternity leave act but no paternal leave actSupply side1)Skills -acc to skill India report only 49% graduates employable; only 4% women chose benefit under skill India mission showing a pervasive gap in skills2)Corporate culture seen as unsafe-only 30 % corporates have institutionalized vishakha guidelines and js verma recommendation on sexual harassment (NITI aayog)3)wage gap-wb reports shows that women are 10 times underpaid than menAll this has institutionalised biases against women narrowing their opportunity to grow in STEM fieldIMF report have shown that if women are to get equal opportunity of work India gdp would grow 2-3% faster.Need a joint and concentrated effort.
i am reiterating my written ans.
1. Poor nutrition to girl compare to boy child >Cognitive develop less >equal competition for technical entrance
2. Biased choices of stream - Arts for girls, because good tech colleges are only in major cities ,all families not capable to send
3. Entrance like JEE NEET need special preparation/coaching, not invest in girls, required money (low income - then priority to boy )
So poor representation in tech institute reflected in Job
JOB :
1.tech job mostly in major cities, while other in local area like teacher, nurse etc
2 post marriage - have to change job city to city (if available) for In-laws house.
3. Existing low % in tech sector - discourage further new women, among male dominated- safety, dignity concern
4. factory laws restrict women's night duty, & women employee restricted in Mining sector.
5.Maternity law - leaves harm profit making private sector, (As not morally upright) so not prefer
6. Glass ceiling and pink collarisation is other issue
