2. Ethics, not capitalism, will yield profits in the long run. Analyse this statement in light of COVID pandemic.The pandemic of Covid as exposed the perils of following capitalistic model of development. Prime example being USA, which is facing high number of deaths and cases. In this light, essential to view the capitalistic model popularised post 1991.
Why capitalism led model being questioned
1. Capitalism fuelled by globalisation ushered mobility of people across the globe. This became the cause of spread of Covid
2. Capitalism has led to an unequal model of prosperity having negative impact during Covid. Eg The spread of Covid in slums, and difficulties faced by migrants
Benefits of ethics centric model
1. One health model- inclusive and sustainable. Remedy the ills of capitalistic model by focussing simultaneously on ->Animal health, environmental cleanliness, human immunity
2. Humanity- human centric model where priority given not to material pleasure but ease of living and happiness. Will result in
a. Focus on primary health centre
b. Boosting education for disadvantaged sections
c. Planned urbanisation for remedying slums and migrant issues
For yielding long term benefit, the need is to marry the above models and implement Humanistic capitalism. It will rightfully yield benefits of capitalism->generate wealth and bring about decline in poverty, create investment avenues. And also yield benefits of ethical model->sustainability via clean energy, inclusivity via upgrading capability of disadvantaged in form of education and health.
Would you want to substantiate your answer with some actual examples here ?
2. Ethics, not capitalism, will yield profits in the long run. Analyse this statement in light of COVID pandemic.The pandemic of Covid as exposed the perils of following capitalistic model of development. Prime example being USA, which is facing high number of deaths and cases. In this light, essential to view the capitalistic model popularised post 1991.
Why capitalism led model being questioned
1. Capitalism fuelled by globalisation ushered mobility of people across the globe. This became the cause of spread of Covid
2. Capitalism has led to an unequal model of prosperity having negative impact during Covid. Eg The spread of Covid in slums, and difficulties faced by migrants
Benefits of ethics centric model
1. One health model- inclusive and sustainable. Remedy the ills of capitalistic model by focussing simultaneously on ->Animal health, environmental cleanliness, human immunity
2. Humanity- human centric model where priority given not to material pleasure but ease of living and happiness. Will result in
a. Focus on primary health centre
b. Boosting education for disadvantaged sections
c. Planned urbanisation for remedying slums and migrant issues
For yielding long term benefit, the need is to marry the above models and implement Humanistic capitalism. It will rightfully yield benefits of capitalism->generate wealth and bring about decline in poverty, create investment avenues. And also yield benefits of ethical model->sustainability via clean energy, inclusivity via upgrading capability of disadvantaged in form of education and health.
Would you want to substantiate your answer with some actual examples here ?
1. Increasing prices of hand-sanitizers forced Amazon India to take a tough stand against predatory sellers.
2. Tata Group has promised all its temporary and daily-wage earners full pay.
3. Healthcare spends of private companies as CSR - creates a healthy balance.
I am sure we can quote many more from the current situation.
Various dimensions
1. Political- politics without principle as seen from nexus with criminals
2. Economic- commerce without morality->gaining income via drugs impacting life of youth
->parallel economy and loss of tax revenue
->higher chance of crisis being preceded by unemployment and decline in agriculture revenue
3. Social- failure of public service dispensing officials in ensuring strong education infrastructure
4. Cultural- declining societal ethics and role of parents in guiding youth
In such a situation, following measures must be undertaken
1. Short term- take steps to cooperate with district collector and find out holistic causes (economic and others) pushing locals to drug and arms business
- Use state intelligence apparatus to track key locations fuelling the drug menace and links of arms trade
- make small arrests of low hierarchy players for information and confessions
2. Medium term- building trust with community to act as local intelligence and get back faith in State
- Tying up with civil society community to raise demand side pressure for accountability to political representative. Success of this step help in making bigger arrests via intelligence gathered.
3. Long term - promote local police and empowering them with responsibility of their own locality (community policing)
It's a very well structured answer.
+ narcotics legally prohibited
+ Discuss social dimensions of problem and involve NGOs, Panchayat leaders
+ Reduce Demand - Drug awareness campaigns , drug de-addiction centres, counseling - to induce behavioural changes.
Various dimensions
1. Political- politics without principle as seen from nexus with criminals
2. Economic- commerce without morality->gaining income via drugs impacting life of youth
->parallel economy and loss of tax revenue
->higher chance of crisis being preceded by unemployment and decline in agriculture revenue
3. Social- failure of public service dispensing officials in ensuring strong education infrastructure
4. Cultural- declining societal ethics and role of parents in guiding youth
In such a situation, following measures must be undertaken
1. Short term- take steps to cooperate with district collector and find out holistic causes (economic and others) pushing locals to drug and arms business
- Use state intelligence apparatus to track key locations fuelling the drug menace and links of arms trade
- make small arrests of low hierarchy players for information and confessions
2. Medium term- building trust with community to act as local intelligence and get back faith in State
- Tying up with civil society community to raise demand side pressure for accountability to political representative. Success of this step help in making bigger arrests via intelligence gathered.
3. Long term - promote local police and empowering them with responsibility of their own locality (community policing)
It's a very well structured answer.
+ narcotics legally prohibited
+ Discuss social dimensions of problem and involve NGOs, Panchayat leaders
+ Reduce Demand - Drug awareness campaigns , drug de-addiction centres, counseling - to induce behavioural changes.
Some more steps which can be adopted to reduce the impact of drug menace like:-
1. Keeping a check on events like music festivals or rave parties as these events are often such places where drugs like ecstasy, mdma, etc are used for example- Sunburn Festival.
2. Undertaking a social audit in institutions such as schools and colleges to find out the scale of youth into drug abuse if any, for example use of dope testing.
3. Promotion of Fit India movement to nudge the youth into sports and extra-curricular activities like hosting a football tournament, a natural body building competition etc.
4. Incentivising and protecting whistleblowers which may help in providing intelligence inputs which may further help in raids and seizures.
Great inputs.
3) What do each of the following quotations mean to you in the present context?
- Our world is in crisis because of the absence of consciousness.
@TheNotorious Had they been true, I would have loved to take those two adjectives as compliments.
If possible don’t write a structured answer, just write pointers. Aim is for your brain to get adept at thinking about diverse questions
I agree totally. It's a brainstorming session.
3) What do each of the following quotations mean to you in the present context?
- Our world is in crisis because of the absence of consciousness.
The spread of Corona virus in 2020 has only compounded the impending crisis that humanity faced. From irreversible environmental damage highlighted by IPCC report, to rise in conflict in violence in Middle East ; the many crisis only made matters worse collectively.
In this light, the role of consciousness as cause of the ongoing crisis and also as a remedy is instrumental. Consciousness refers to an individuals awareness and resulting responsiveness to its surrounding.
Absence of consciousness and it’s role in crisis
1. Political- despotic government are unaware and unresponsive to needs of citizen. Which when unmet results in protests, instability and conflict. Eg- beginning of Syrian conflict
2. Economic- the privileged class are often criticised of not being conscious of their responsibility to do more for the society. Their preference for living in a isolated bubble perpetuates inequality evidenced by Oxfam report
3. Social- Not being aware of duties and boundaries of ones right often leads to societal clashes. Eg Gun violence in USA
4. Environmental- Developed countries not taking cognisance of their historical responsibility and contributing financially and technologically is delaying achieving Paris agreement goals.
Living in an interconnected world and being social animals, humans needs to be more conscious of their surrounding. That’s the first step in insisting remedying action. Doing our duties as global citizen and raising our voice when injustice is committed is the need of the hour.
+ ethical principles of international conduct
+ Transparency in information sharing - world is one unit
+ Required: more accountability in the way global decisions are made
+Threat to rule based order by ignoring multilateral institutions - can quote Peter Singer's One World wherein how a global ethic rather than a nationalistic approach can provide illuminating answers to important problems.
+ need compassionate view to address problems that affect entire humanity
+ Social: quote George Floyd incident
+ Economic: Quote Migrant Crisis
Our world is in crisis because of the absence of consciousness.
Our world is in crisis at multiple levels. Rising temperature, nuclear arms, sectarian conflicts, boundary disputes, financial woes, pandemics, declining trustability and the list goes further. If human world is marked by ability of man to be aware of and rationally respond to its surrounding, that is consciousness, humans need to demonstrate more of it. For these crises are reflections of irresponsible, insensitive, and apathetic actions of mankind.
Mindless extraction of natural resources and exploitation of environment all over the world have resulted in global warming, frequent instances of drought, flood, severe cyclones, forest fires, etc. That the world has not been able to yet implement a Paris Climate Accord signed in 2015 shows the lack of concern and seriousness towards the 'tragedy of commons'.
The long power conflicts in Africa and Middle East and the humanitarian crises therein (famine in Yemen for instance) show the absolute apathy of leaders towards their citizens.
Failure of the global community to reach at consensus over elimination of terrorism, nuclear arms, space war, threats from state funded organized crimes further reflect lack of consciousness to resolve these crises.
In fact responses to COVID 19 or racial discrimination where there are global mechanisms to deal with, show that there is dearth of respect and sense of obligation.
Philosophers like Rousseau and Locke believed that it was the urge for common good that drove humans towards collective organized life. The highest points in recent human history such as formation of UN, Rio Agenda, agreemnets on SDGs are all outcome of responsible and conscious efforts towards larger human welfare.
The need of the hour is mutual recognition of accountability, empathy, and compassion towards fellow humans and the surrounding ecology. With conscious acts the world can overcome the crises.
That's a very well structured answer.
Social values are moreover important than economic values. Discuss the statement in context of inclusive governance
- Max Weber advocated the importance of social values to maintain the balance and solidarity in the society.
-In hierarchical societies, focus on distributive justice. Concept of development is different in developing countries as they have to focus on inclusive growth and creation of egalitariansocieties which is enhanced through dimensions like gender empowerment, development of vulnerable sections of society.
-social values - bring stability, general guidelines of social conduct
-Programs which include both social values and economic values like NREGA more successful.
_ Govt realises this dictum - tax benefit on social spendings of trusts
@upsc2020 is the max weber wala glee correct?
Yes, as per what I have read. Weber believed that modern societies were obsessed with efficiency (Economic Values)– so much that questions of ethics, affection and tradition are brushed to one side – and that has the consequence of making people miserable and leading to enormous social problems.
Let’s solve the ethics previous year topic wise? I will post daily 3-4 question and in a week will complete all the question what say?3-4 questions a day will be a little too much. Maximum of 1 question and 1 case study a day is what can be managed via this platform. Better to do little everyday and be consistent with it
Agreed. I would like to stress more on peer review and brainstorming as exchange of ideas always helps, esp with this paper.
Social values are more important than economic values. Discuss in the context of inclusive governance.Inclusive governance is guided by the principle of "leaving no one behind" in the pursuit of welfare for all. Values as preferred ideals are integral to social conduct. In the context of inclusive governance participatory approach, equitable outcome for all, integrity and accountability, empathy and compassion towards weaker sections are some key values.Social values like tolerance, empathy, justice, responsibility, equality etc. enable dignity and peaceful coexistence of all. The fundamental rights in the Indian Constitution like abolition of untouchability and Right to life are based on such social values.Economic values corresponds to the economic model adopted by a state, like profit and consumerism in capitalist economy or redistribution of resources in a socialist economy.Nonetheless any thriving economy requires certain social conditions for smooth functioning such as1. Values of tolerance and respect for diversity are seen as important to build investor's confidence in an economy2. Corruption and red tapism can prevent inflow of capital in an economy3. Sustainable development is based on environmental ethics calling for just and responsible usage of nature.Inclusive governance cannot take place if profit making takes place as the the cost of environmental degradation and loss of livelihood for people dependent on these resources. If redistribution fails tof reduce inequality then it is not inclusive governance.The Yellow Vest movement in France or protests in Chile show that economic development without social values like justice, dignity, equality hampers inclusive governance.Hence mere economic values cannot result in inclusive governance. Therein lies the importance of social values.
The France and Chile example is very apt and unique.
@upsc2020 Then is there a need to spend money on it or free pdfs would suffice, given that i Write them religiously.
Spend money on ?
@upsc2020 mains test series of vision or forumias (25k-40k rupees)
Forumias I would recommend for the feedback. Doesn't make sense if u join 2.
5. All people do not aspire for excellence. Do you agree? What does “excellence‟ mean to you? What are you doing to develop the virtue of excellence in yourself?Excellence to me refers to achieving the most optimal level of performance in a given activity. Eg Sachin Tendulkar achieved excellence in his cover drives.
Achieving excellence requires years of focused hardwork and fortitude among other things. But the aspiration to achieve excellence precedes all other requirements. Not all humans aspire for excellence for following reasons :-
A. Self doubt - it deters an individual from believing in oneself and aiming for excellence. It is for this reason APJ Abdul Kalam focussed on role of parents to instil confidence in their children
B. Soc-eco constraints- Abhijit Banerjee in his book Poor Economics evidences how poverty trap deters individuals from having higher aspiration and realising potential due to immediate severe hardships
C. Consumption culture- Era of globalisation has thrown open immense distraction around our lives to consume Eg Social media and Over the top media service. It Deters individuals from having ability to concentrate for longer and work towards excellence.
I develop the virtue of excellence via
1. Increasing my self awareness via meditation. This is followed by self regulation to improve on flaws and attain desirable traits like adaptability .
2. Have correct role models to take inspiration from and motivate myself. Eg ISRO chief K.Sivan
3. Following my passion, which helps me sustain my efforts and have honest intentions towards it.
In light of Article 51A which enumerates fundamental duty to strive for excellence, all must get on the path of realising their fullest potential and do service to the nation.
Kudos.
+ Aim to achieve excellence in the work that is carried out with good intention for larger good of others ―EthicalExcellenceprovides success that is sustainable and fulfilling.
Whistleblowing refers to the act of disclosing secretive information of the institution one works at for it being unethical or illegal. Eg Exposing of Vyapam scam was due to whistleblowers. It’s ethicality differs from a matter of perception :-
1. Edward Snowden blew the whistle on surveillance of CIA on USA citizen.
A. It was deemed ethical due to upholding public morality and preventing a surveillance State impacting right to privacy
B. It was also deemed unethical for being an act of treason, for it made public highly classified information which Snowden was duty bound to protect
2. In 2018, 4 Supreme Court judges gave a press conference on highlighting their concerns over the role of CJI and it’s dispensation of functions specifically being the master of roster
A. The said act can be said to be ethical for ushering some transparency on actual functioning of Supreme Court and strengthening justice delivery mechanism for exposing some ills in the system
B. It was also said to be unethical for it went against the principle of “institutions are bigger than the individual”. By making it public, it reduces the credibility of the Judiciary as a clean institution dispensing justice
From above two examples we see how whistleblowing has differing value judgement based on perception. The need is to ensure following Gandhiji’s teaching. That of following one’s dharma, if an individual believes in his cause and that to be just, he should take up the action of whistleblowing.
While the answer you've written is good, I suggest that try to include something related to civil services. For example,
+Truth versus Loyalty: whether a civil servant should remain loyal to the government or he should speak truth for the interest of the society. It is also a classic dilemma in case of whistle-blowing. So from the perspective of govt it would appear unethical, however from the WB's perspective it is ethical.
Conclusion: ought to be balanced - Whistle-blowing is a brave act of conscience, boundaries are blurred and the resort needs to be taken when alternative avenues are not correcting the situation.
Whistleblowing refers to the act of disclosing secretive information of the institution one works at for it being unethical or illegal. Eg Exposing of Vyapam scam was due to whistleblowers. It’s ethicality differs from a matter of perception :-
1. Edward Snowden blew the whistle on surveillance of CIA on USA citizen.
A. It was deemed ethical due to upholding public morality and preventing a surveillance State impacting right to privacy
B. It was also deemed unethical for being an act of treason, for it made public highly classified information which Snowden was duty bound to protect
2. In 2018, 4 Supreme Court judges gave a press conference on highlighting their concerns over the role of CJI and it’s dispensation of functions specifically being the master of roster
A. The said act can be said to be ethical for ushering some transparency on actual functioning of Supreme Court and strengthening justice delivery mechanism for exposing some ills in the system
B. It was also said to be unethical for it went against the principle of “institutions are bigger than the individual”. By making it public, it reduces the credibility of the Judiciary as a clean institution dispensing justice
From above two examples we see how whistleblowing has differing value judgement based on perception. The need is to ensure following Gandhiji’s teaching. That of following one’s dharma, if an individual believes in his cause and that to be just, he should take up the action of whistleblowing.
While the answer you've written is good, I suggest that try to include something related to civil services. For example,
+Truth versus Loyalty: whether a civil servant should remain loyal to the government or he should speak truth for the interest of the society. It is also a classic dilemma in case of whistle-blowing. So from the perspective of govt it would appear unethical, however from the WB's perspective it is ethical.
Conclusion: ought to be balanced - Whistle-blowing is a brave act of conscience, boundaries are blurred and the resort needs to be taken when alternative avenues are not correcting the situation.
Did my conclusion come across as unbalanced ? Asking so that I could correct it
Yes a tad unbalanced, I felt.
All people do not aspire for excellence beacuse
1. Behavioral factors - lack of self motivation, low self esteem, inferiority complex, mental health issues like short attention etc.
2. Infrastructural factors - financial constraints, absence of educational institutions and formal training, lack of government support, remote geography, etc.
3. Social factors - lack of family support and guidance of experienced people, identity barriers like caste, lack of competitive peers, etc.
From an individual's perspective excellence is relative concept. For a student excellence means coming first in the examination while for it may mean just scoring the passing marks. In the former's opinion the later may not have aspiration for excellence as they have different benchmarks.
To me excellence means achieving the best performance as per my ability. It is a virtue that propels one to achieve the highest standard of efficiency and effectiveness.
Amartya Sen in capability approach argues that developing capabilities is key to achieving one's desired goals. My focus therefore has been
1. Knowledge of the subject/area where I seek excellence
2. Acquiring required set of skills through formal training
3. Right attitude and keenness to learn from past mistakes
4. Taking inspiration from success stories
I believe in the words of Swami Vivekananda "Arise, Awake, and stop not till the goal is reached" as I aspire for excellence.
Good usage of Sen and the quotation. Very well structured I think.
6. Explain with examples how whistle-blowing is both an ethical and unethical act if seen in different perspectives?Whistle-blowing refers to the act of bringing unethical or illegal practices being performed in an organisation into public notice.
Like every coin has two sides, so is the case with whistle-blowing.
Whistle-blowing as an ethical practice -
- It works for the larger good of the society. For example Vyapam case led to bringing in forefront corruption in medical admissions in Madhya Pradesh
- It helps in keeping a check on unbridled power of the officials of an organization. For instance, insider trading practices have been declared as illegal by SEBI.
- On an individual level, it ensures that a person does not suffer from crisis of conscience.
Whistle-blowing as an unethical practice
- Leads of trust deficit in the society as well as organization as was seen after the press conference of SC judges in 2018.
- Breach of confidentiality
- Can lead to lowering of market sentiment and make shareholders/other stakeholders suffer like in case of Satyam.
- If false, it can tarnish the reputation for a long time to come.
While it is true that whistle-blowing acts have on several occasions brought into picture unethical practices like poor governance, corruption etc into public foray, they have also raised question about the exercise of such acts by individuals. Thus, there is a need to have guidelines which can clearly demarcate the occasions on which such acts would be permissible along with other mechanisms to deal with complaints.
Good conclusion and usage of important terms like Crisis of conscience, breach of confidentiality. Insider trading example - cab you please elaborate ?
8. What does this quotation mean to you ?
Where there is righteousness in the heart, there is beauty in the character. When there is beauty in the character, there is harmony in the home. When there is harmony in the home, there is order in the nation. When there is order in the nation, there is peace in the world” – A.P.J. Abdul Kalam (150 words)
8. What does this quotation mean to you ?
Where there is righteousness in the heart, there is beauty in the character. When there is beauty in the character, there is harmony in the home. When there is harmony in the home, there is order in the nation. When there is order in the nation, there is peace in the world” – A.P.J. Abdul Kalam (150 words)
It indicates that ethics in private life (family) and ethics in public life (nation) are interconnected. According to it an honest person maintains his honesty at his home as well as in the profession. As per NCRB data most criminals experience troubled family life.
Plato - state is individual writ large. The nature of a nation reflects its citizens. An ethical citizenry chooses ethical leadership. Conduct of inter- state and global politics depends upon values of nations. When all countries commit to mutual peace and tranquility problems like wars, terrorism, poverty, environmental degradation will automatically disappear. Thus terrorism persists because some people believe in violence, practice it, and subsequently it finds a place in state programmes in the form of state sponsored terrorism.
+ Define Righteousness - quality of being morally right and justifiable which forms the basis for any society.
+ Concept of Righteousness - Dharma
The jump from family life to terrorism with Plato in between is a little incoherent. While the main thread looks fine to me, I think it has to be structured better.
Define Righteousness --->How it starts with private life --->ethics in public & private interlinked -->Nation
Eg: Swami Vivekananda/ Mandela
8. What does this quotation mean to you ?
Where there is righteousness in the heart, there is beauty in the character. When there is beauty in the character, there is harmony in the home. When there is harmony in the home, there is order in the nation. When there is order in the nation, there is peace in the world” – A.P.J. Abdul Kalam (150 words)
The above mentioned quote shows an intricate connection between a morally upright individual, and his/her role in establishing a peaceful world order.
Mere acquisition of knowledge is fatal. It leads to a directionless individual. The process of acquiring knowledge, if augmented by an approach in infusing morally correct education, makes a character whole and complete in itself. This individual in turn creates an ecosystem, which propels a chain reaction of just and humane behaviour. S/he impacts her family's thinking process, which further helps in making a nation which is much more attune in upholding the notions of peace equity and justice. This kind of ecosystem helps in creating an environment which accords highest importance to the virtue of a character, rather than penalising him/her for being an morally upright individual.
In our contemporary world, where there exists a frantic race to superimpose ideologies on one another, the central theme of this quote, to my mind, can help us in accommodating multiplicity of ideas, and can guide us in living a righteous way of life.
Any examples to substantiate?
A man is but a product of his thoughts. What he thinks he becomes.” – M.K. Gandhi
The above quote hints towards the interrelation between man's existence and his essence.
The essence of a human is prior to his existence and this essence is moulded by our thought.The law of attraction holds that what we think is what we attract which in turn is an outward manifestation of ourselves
Feminist such as semoine de Beauvoir held that one is not born a women , one becomes a woman,which means that being a woman is merely a state of mind, gender and sex are not the same , one is our existence and other our thought
for someone like Hannah arendt action and thought are aligned, when action and thought part ways thought becomes meaningless and action turns brutal.
therefore what we act is merely an outward practice of our thought,there is no dichotomy between the two.
Gandhiji rightly held that one cannot hope for a rose by planting babool seed. Therefore what we think, we become
Above quote emphasizes upon importance of thoughts and its role in shaping individuals.
+ Mahatma Gandhi in his book “My Experiments with Truth” has shown how his thought process was influenced by his upbringing, experiences and his strong beliefs.
+ Examples - Bhagat Singh driven by thoughts of egalitarianism and inclusive society vs Hitler believing in white supremacy.
+ Society increasingly becoming materialistic and self centered (reflected in increasing consumerism) - need societies to inculcate ethical thinking.
Answer needs examples tosubstantiate the statements made.
11. Rakesh is a responsible district level officer, who enjoys the trust of his higher officials. Knowing his honesty, the government entrusted him with the responsibility of identifying the beneficiaries under a health care scheme meant for senior citizens.The criteria to be a beneficiary are the following:(a) 60 years of age or above.(b) Belonging to a reserved community.(c) Family income of less than 1 Lakh rupees per annum.(d) Post-treatment prognosis is likely to be high to make a positive difference to the quality of life of the beneficiary.One day, an old couple visited Rakesh’s office with their application. They have been the residents of a village in his district since their birth. The old man is diagnosed with a rare condition that causes obstruction in the large intestine. As a consequence, he has severe abdominal pain frequently that prevents him from doing any physical labour. The couple has no children to support them. The expert surgeon whom they contacted is willing to do the surgery without charging any fee. However, the couple will have to bear the cost of incidental charges, such as medicines, hospitalization, etc., to the tune of rupees one lakh. The couple fulfils all the criteria except criterion ‘b’. However, any financial aid would certainly make a significant difference in their quality of life.How should Rakesh respond to the situation? (250 words)The above case brings to light the issue faced by public servant in following Weberian bureaucracy of automated bureaucracy based on rules V/S following new public management approach of citizen centric humane approach.
The stakeholders in the case are
1. Old man- facing hardships due to health issue
2. Old women- concerned over her only companion
3. Doctor and the hospital concerned- decision will impact their monetary compensation
4. Rakesh- being true to the responsibility entrusted on him of diligent implementation of the scheme
Rakesh should approach the situation in the following way
A. Make the old couple feel heard and assure them of help which is possible at the earliest
B. Speak to the concerned hospital and request to minimise the cost as far as possible by reducing their profit margin over fixed cost
C. Speak to the concerned doctor and see if the medicine ideally used can be replaced with Jan Aushadhi generic medicine at affordable price
D. Direct a subordinate to cross check the old couple and their criteria fulfilment for enrolling under Ayushman Bharat. If they do, the cost would be taken care of under the scheme
E. If the criteria isn’t fulfilled, then get the said couple in touch with functioning NGO’s in my district who can either fund the medical care, or start a crowdfunding for garnering fund.
Merits of the above approach
1. Making them feel heard and assuring of help is key in new public management approach to dispensing public service
2. Speaking to hospital and doctor will bring down the cost of treatment via generic medicine and reduced profit margin. Forcing them to do it for free will set a wrong trend and against just monetary compensation principle.
3. Involving civil society allows Rakesh to do his duty empathetically while being honest to the rules of the scheme. Will also kickstart stronger civil society link to residents of the village/district
4. Exploring Ayushman Bharat eligibility will help the couple of not only being aware of the scheme, but will yield long term benefit to them for any healthcare needs of theirs
As a civil servant need is to display leadership skill of quick decision making and setting the right precedent for the office and district. Hence adopting the golden mean approach, of helping the old couple without flouting the norms of the scheme or providing personal contribution will set the most ethical precedent under given circumstances.
Your structure for case study is really nice.
+ Integrated Programme for Older Persons under Ministry of Social Justice.
+ Can encourage to make it completely a pro bono surgery as it is a rare condition. District Administration can reward/give commendation letter.
+ Encourage civil society to crowd source funds.
+ This case cannot be taken in isolation as there would be many others in need. Taking this case as a base, he can propose to consider insertion of a sub category for economically weaker section of the society as well.
My observation:
- Answer looks Pub-Adish instead of Ethics. New public management approach - makes it technical. That's my opinion, I may be wrong.
I am starting GS4 preparation today. can anyone suggest sources to read from?
Any suggestions on how to go about GS4 preparation would be really welcomed!
In my opinion,
- Previous year’s papers - to understand the scope of the syllabus and type of questions asked.
- Study material of any institute (you do not have to memorize it, but internalize the gist and some basic definitions).
- Harvard Prof. Michael Sandel course on Justice.
- DoPT manual on ethics for civil servants with Indian perspective.
- While reading newspaper, try to focus on actions of various people involved. Use them as examples.
- Ethics is about articulation. It can be improved with the help of regular writing practice.
- Read some topper's answers to get an idea of how answers are written.
13. You are heading the rescue operations in an area affected by severe natural calamity. Thousands of people are rendered homeless and deprived of food, drinking water and other basic amenities. Rescue work has been disrupted by heavy rainfall and damage to supply routes. The local people are seething with anger against the delayed limited rescue operations. When your team reaches the affected area, the people there heckle and even assault some of the team members . One of your team members is even severely injured. Faced with this crisis, some team members plead with you to call off the operations fearing threats to their life.In such trying circumstances, what will be your response? Examine the qualities of a public servant which will be required to manage the situation.Confronted with people angry over bad service delivery my response will be
A. Solicit cooperation
1. Communicating with affected residents about reasons for delay such as damage to supply route and steps taken for their rescue time to time through community radio, loud speakers, etc..
2. Request cooperation from residents for quicker rescue operations
B. Boost morale of team members
1. Arrange necessary medical intervention for injured members.
2. Remind them of their call of duty and an opportunity to display their grit and skills
C. Speak to senior officers and relevant departments if air lifting of stranded people can be arranged in given situation.
All in all my entire focus will be successful completion of the mission.
Qualities of a public servant
1. Dedication to the task at hand. No amount of adversity should come on the way of evacuation of victims of the calamity.
2. Compassionately deal with angry people as well as rescue team members
3. Emotional intelligence in terms of channelising motivation, team spirit among members
4. Objective, clear, empathetic decision making keeping in mind the evolving situations
5. Lead by example : work with team members on field to motivate them instead of merely passing directions.
Some inputs for qualities:
1. Spirit of Service which promotes the idea that individuals can make a difference and that at any moment you can influence an outcome.
2. Empathy to understand the plight of affected people
3. Persuasive decision making
4. Emotional intelligence to also develop a quick rapport with affected population -establish peace and set things in order.
I am divided about the thought of quoting real life examples of such situation in case studies. What's your opinion?
8. What does this quotation mean to you ?
Where there is righteousness in the heart, there is beauty in the character. When there is beauty in the character, there is harmony in the home. When there is harmony in the home, there is order in the nation. When there is order in the nation, there is peace in the world” – A.P.J. Abdul Kalam (150 words)
pls give your valuable feedback.
I think it is important to define righteousness in this question. Flow of examples is good.
7. What does this quotation mean to you ?
A man is but a product of his thoughts. What he thinks he becomes.” – M.K. Gandhi
Value addition
+ Mahatma Gandhi in his book “My Experiments with Truth” has shown how his thought process was influenced by his upbringing, experiences and his strong beliefs.
+ Can add positive thoughts like empathy, compassion / -ve thoughts like greed, hatred.
Above question 1. Please give your valuable insights. Thanks.
+ Strength: According to realism, a state’s primary interest is self-preservation. Therefore, the state must seek power and must always protect itself.
+ Complying with Nehruvian view which maintains that national interest can only be defined in context of universal values like peace, tolerance and fraternity.
Also as a value addition, one can mention:
United Nations Charter ‘is the legal and moral foundation of international relations’. It provides for both end and means values that must be taken into account by all member nations.
WEF meet in Switzerland came with the announcement of setting up a “Centre for Internet of Ethical Things” by Karnataka. Setting up of the centre would be in partnership with the World Economic Forum (WEF) to ensure a level-playing field for global investors and industrialists.
Why is ethics such a big criteria for global business?
When a global firm chooses to do business with a country, the trust factor contributes heavily to their decision making. To ascertain trust in investors and dealers, accountability and transparency are key elements. By setting up this ‘Centre for Internet of Ethical Things’, global businesses may find more confidence as they have an ethical body to keep a check on the misuse of technology
Can anyone tell me how is Orient Ias Atul Girg ethics program & test series?I am not confident in ethics.Is it better than Lukmaan?or should I go for lukmaan content enrichment batch?
Orient - It's decent. I had not joined but referred to some test papers.
Lukman - not too sure. Wasn't really good when I was at ORN. Dunno if it had bettered.
What is ethic
I am assuming your question is What is Ethics?
Ethics is defined as the study of what we understand to be good and right behaviour and how people make those judgments. When one acts in ways that are consistent with our moral values, we’ll characterize that as acting ethically.
Defining what is ethical is not an individual exercise. However, if it is, then one could have argued that what Hitler did was ethical since his actions conformed to his definition of right, fair and good. The ethics of our decisions and actions is defined by society and not individually.
So it can be said that “ethics is the discipline that examines one’s moral standards or the moral standards of the society. It asks how these moral standards apply to our lives and whether these standards are reasonable or unreasonable- that is whether good reasons or poor ones support them.
Let me put you through some thinking process.
First, do not begin an answer with yes I agree or no I don’t agree. Arrive at the conclusion rather than begin from it.
Secondly, think and tell me why all humans aspire for happiness ?
What is the harm in starting an answer with “Yes, I agree to it” or “no, I don’t agree with it”?
I mean by opening an answer with such statement/s, one is able to directly answer the question plus one can conclude the answer by stating the reason why s/he is for or against the statement.
1. The nature of the questions is entirely different. Happiness is an abstract concept. The example you have quoted is diabolical, illegal and immoral - for which one has to vehemently argue right from the first statement that it is wrong.
2. As far as this question is concerned, I would rather answer it with the first part question - all human beings aspire for Happiness. For such abstract questions, I feel the approach has to be more of "building up a conversation".
For example,
According to Aristotle, nature works toward a telos, or end goal. Our function in life is to realize our full potential as rational beings. For instance, one might go to the gym with the telos of becoming fitter. When Aristotle identifies happiness as the highest goal, he is claiming that happiness is the ultimate telos of any action.
Suppose, a kid asks:
Q: why do you go on a vacation?
A: to spend uninterrupted quality time with my family
q: why do you want to spend quality time?
A: because it makes me happy
Q: why do you want to be happy?
A: Because, I just want to be.
Every activity thus has a telos, which is an answer to the question, Why are you doing this?
Now, what happiness means to me? Since it is a GS4 paper, one can suitably choose what makes them happy. :P
.
It's a good answer. Some more points:
- Encouraging officers to take decisions by rewarding them for success.
- Encouraging participation of people in governance through trust building measures.
- judiciary can restrict itself in crossing the boundaries by coming out with norms for judicial activism.
Conclusion is a lil abrupt. You can write that - thus, there is need to resolve the dichotomy between the need for transparency and accountability and protecting honest civil servants from undue harassment and the above measures can help in resolving the same.
wisdom finds truth essay 21 june.pdf
please review my essay on Wisdom finds truth. Topic Mains 2019
Unable to open the document.
If 1s close peer in finance dpt of the same comp misappropriates funds of a dormant account 4 urgent medical needs of daughter after exhausting all options and then discloses it 2 him saying started repaying it,wht shuld b 1 future course of action?? @upsc2020 @rashiv @TheNotorious
1. No public fund can be utilised for any personal reasons.
2. One can empathize with the situation but you have to urge him for full disclosure.
Also, this situation is slightly unlikely in a government setup as everyone's covered under Health Schemes. So encourage and make him aware of the various schemes.
Is this a question from some test series ?
It is often said that‘politics’ and ‘ethics’ do not go together.What isyour opinionin this regard?Justifyyour answer with illustrations. Mains 2013
Young people withethical conduct are not willing to come forward to join active politics.Suggest steps to motivate them to come forward. Mains 2017
@upsc2020 and others, how you would have written ans on politics and ethics ? some examples also.
Rousseau proclaimed that the person who would separate politics from ethics will fail to understand both.The main debate about this issue pertains to the choice of meansthat should betaken to pursue the ends. In this regard, it should be noted that politics, without ethics, is purposeless.
Politics, without an ethical base, will only become a means to perpetuate oppression and exploitation.Though it is also true that in the era of coalition politics, criminalisation of politics and diverse demands and aspirations of people, it has become difficult for a politician to be in power on ethical grounds. But, losing ethical grounds for the sake of power leads to the destruction of the basic objective of coming to power. It is only when politics is guided through an ethical framework that the good of the society is produced.
Gandhiji also acknowledged this deep connection between politics and ethics. (There is some quotation also he said). It is ethics which differentiates one political leader from another. For example, Hitler's politics devoid of ethics is an example of inhuman conduct.
Thus, ethics and politics are intertwined at the foundation as "Politics is nothing but ethics in public".
@rashiv
@Agog
It is often said that‘politics’ and ‘ethics’ do not go together.What isyour opinionin this regard?Justifyyour answer with illustrations. Mains 2013
Young people withethical conduct are not willing to come forward to join active politics.Suggest steps to motivate them to come forward. Mains 2017
@upsc2020 and others, how you would have written ans on politics and ethics ? some examples also.
Rousseau proclaimed that the person who would separate politics from ethics will fail to understand both.The main debate about this issue pertains to the choice of meansthat should betaken to pursue the ends. In this regard, it should be noted that politics, without ethics, is purposeless.
Politics, without an ethical base, will only become a means to perpetuate oppression and exploitation.Though it is also true that in the era of coalition politics, criminalisation of politics and diverse demands and aspirations of people, it has become difficult for a politician to be in power on ethical grounds. But, losing ethical grounds for the sake of power leads to the destruction of the basic objective of coming to power. It is only when politics is guided through an ethical framework that the good of the society is produced.
Gandhiji also acknowledged this deep connection between politics and ethics. (There is some quotation also he said). It is ethics which differentiates one political leader from another. For example, Hitler's politics devoid of ethics is an example of inhuman conduct.
Thus, ethics and politics are intertwined at the foundation as "Politics is nothing but ethics in public".
Please review
It is often said that‘politics’ and ‘ethics’ do not go together.What isyour opinionin this regard?Justifyyour answer with illustrations. Mains 2013
Young people withethical conduct are not willing to come forward to join active politics.Suggest steps to motivate them to come forward. Mains 2017
@upsc2020 and others, how you would have written ans on politics and ethics ? some examples also.
Machiavelli through his writing in Prince began the discourse of amoralisation of politics. He believed that politics and ethics are not intertwined. Politics has its own ethics and morality which must be used by the ruler to protect the State and promote citizen welfare. Eg Russia’s annexation of Crimea on grounds of national security.
The above trend has given rise to power centric politics where politics has become a means to gain power. It has drifted away from its main goal of serving the needs of people, the fundamental principle of Representative democracy.
Gandhiji recognised the perils of complete separation of ethics and politics, and hence was a proponent of
1. Gram sabha- decentralised form of government where community worked for welfare than politics.
2. Role of dharma in politics- Gandhiji believed that all those who engage in politics must stay on the path of dharma, I.e serving needs of antyodaya.
India has shown the path where politics and ethics are combined. In local politics , 6th schedule of the constitution ensures tribals are empowered via decision making powers. In national politics, constitutional morality dictates the political discourse. Eg DPSP serves as guiding light for policy formulation. Lastly in international politics, India has always supported world peace and inclusive development.
Good one. Really like the conclusion.
It is often said that‘politics’ and ‘ethics’ do not go together.What isyour opinionin this regard?Justifyyour answer with illustrations. Mains 2013
Young people withethical conduct are not willing to come forward to join active politics.Suggest steps to motivate them to come forward. Mains 2017
@upsc2020 and others, how you would have written ans on politics and ethics ? some examples also.
Rousseau proclaimed that the person who would separate politics from ethics will fail to understand both.The main debate about this issue pertains to the choice of meansthat should betaken to pursue the ends. In this regard, it should be noted that politics, without ethics, is purposeless.
Politics, without an ethical base, will only become a means to perpetuate oppression and exploitation.Though it is also true that in the era of coalition politics, criminalisation of politics and diverse demands and aspirations of people, it has become difficult for a politician to be in power on ethical grounds. But, losing ethical grounds for the sake of power leads to the destruction of the basic objective of coming to power. It is only when politics is guided through an ethical framework that the good of the society is produced.
Gandhiji also acknowledged this deep connection between politics and ethics. (There is some quotation also he said). It is ethics which differentiates one political leader from another. For example, Hitler's politics devoid of ethics is an example of inhuman conduct.
Thus, ethics and politics are intertwined at the foundation as "Politics is nothing but ethics in public".
@rashiv
@Agog
Good answer with sound theoretical content. One suggestion, since it’s given justify via illustration, you could have added one distinct contemporary example. I know you’ve mentioned coalition politics + criminalisation, but they might just get missed by the examiner while speed reading it.
Thank you. Examples even I felt I missed out.
Q. Young people with ethical conduct are not willing to come forward to join active politics. Suggest steps to motivate them to come forward. (150 words, 10 marks)Pointers
1. Why youth not joining- Commercialisation of politics. Eg Huge capital required for ticket + campaigning
- Criminalisation of politics- Deters youth
- Dynastic politics- Makes it harder for youth to rely on meritocracy for recognition
- power politics- young people interested in politics for welfare than politics for power. Hence many join NGO, or engage in philanthropy via corporate jobs
- Age factor in politics- most politicians are far beyond being ‘youth’, it underscores the fact that to make a substantial name in politics and change in society requires years of experience
- Monetary compensation- the above factor is further aggravated by the fact that politics is not monetarily rewarding. Hence not a prime option for youth wishing to sustain a family and support his/her parents financially
- Unethical practises- predominant generalisation of politics is “Sam dam dand bhed” as said by Kautilya, becomes untenable for ethically sound youth.
How to motivate - cadre based political parties need to adopted. It automatically rewards meritocracy
- ECI can recommend prominent youth wing unit for national political parties
- Promote clean student politics in higher education to attract youth
- ensuring local panchayat elections are fought by locals/local youth->training ground for national politic
- institutional strengthening to eradicate ills in politics. Eg ECI reforms, judicial fast track court
- aware citizenry to reward merit based/development politics than identity based politics
- popularise role models at all levels.
Points are very relevant.
Value addition:
- requires a comprehensive strategy covering all aspects (cognitive and behavioral) of persuasion and attitude change must be targeted simultaneously.
- Role modeling: how young leaders in past have changed course of history Nehru etc.
- Youth Parliament: CPA (Commonwealth Parliamentary Association) annually organizes the Commonwealth Youth Parliament in the regions of the commonwealth. Joining such events helps to motivate + Effective implementation of National Youth Parliament Scheme.
Q. Young people with ethical conduct are not willing to come forward to join active politics. Suggest steps to motivate them to come forward. (150 words, 10 marks)reasons for youth not joining politics-
- a huge sum of initial capital required for campaigning.
- established political parties usually sell their tickets to the highest bidder or give them old party loyalist.
- standing as independent weaken the chances of a win.
- politics is generally associated with unethical means, thus repelled by youth.
- better work opportunities and satisfaction in the voluntary sector.
step to motivate them-
- state funding of elections.
- spreading voter awareness about the candidate centric politics rather than politics centric.
- role modelling- by people like chhavi rajawat who gave up their high paying job to work as panchayat sarpanch
- social influence- by showing them the scale of opportunities available to political leaders to uplift people of their constituencies.
Social Influence and Emotional Intelligence is a very relevant point. Thanks.
* A big solution to our all problems is politics but it itself has become a problem.* There is this apprehension or perception that this political system inhibits young talented people from getting into the politics.* There is no stipend mechanism for the youth joining the politics to encourage them. This is the reason of corruption. The Young people after working for initially 3-4 years have no idea about the to leadership and decisions taken, he has no idea how to go up in the party heirarchy. Because there is no internal politics and also because of dynasty politics. In the previous LS election, there was not a single person lesser than 30 years of age elected to LS. Here talent is not supported. There is a supply of talent but no demand.* There is no clarity about funding with the people joining politics and forming a party.* These politicians, 2nd grade people are electing 2nd grade people which will certainly lead to 3rd grade people.SolutionEncourage MPs and MLAs to collaborate with young professionals. This will lead to* change in governance* Change in perception about politics* They will come to know about how the politics work.Young people should form a group beyond religious lines.Internship in the parliamentWhat other countries are doing :-* In Uganda, five seats are reserved for youth representatives in the parliament.* ‘National Youth Parliament’ in Srilanka influences National youth policies.* Youth enrollment campaign in Australia educates young voters with fun activities.Fun Fact:Recently, I proposed this idea in my family that I should also contest elections in my Panchayat. Ghar me Haay-Tauba hone lagi, ki ye ladka kya karne wala hai. 😃
Really like how you've given examples from other countries. Would be a great value addition.
Q. The crisis of ethical values in modern times is traced to a narrow perception of the good life.Discuss.150-10narrow perception of a good life- Free of sufferings, plenty of comforts and powerful position in society.
Crisis of ethical values due to this narrow perception-
- rise of materialism- as comfort in narrow perception is directly linked to material wealth.
- wealth given preference over morality of an individual- social status determined by wealth rather than character of an individual.
- craving for social acceptance- people-pleasing rather than standing up for what is right.
- education focussed on making one materially successful rather than ethical development of students
Rather a broad perception of good life should be adopted. that is the ethical development of an individual, intellectual content people, equality of status in society.
Way forward- introducing life skills course in schools.
+ Man has focused on hedonistic gains and the problems that we face today environmental degradation, climate change etc all can be attributed to our lack of social responsibility.
+ Most of the moral philosophers (Socrates, Plato) have equated good life with being virtuous but today youth is ready to compromise with their virtues for short term material gains. In fact, growing competition and scarcity of resources is not letting youth to get out of what Maslow called lower order needs and aim at higher needs of self-realization.
+ Gandhi's concept of Sarvodaya
Thanks!
@AlexanderSupertramp I read your essay. Really liked it. The way you have woven it with adequate examples makes it an interesting read. However, just a suggestion in terms of structure - since this essay relies heavily on examples, segregate it wrt. Customary practices related to religion, caste, women, children, international etc. Then continuity and flow would be better.
Also I am in two minds about this thought - whether a paragraph should be devoted to the idea that certain customs and traditions are important to maintain continuity of civilization. I may have included this.
thanks for the review!
this is the first essay that i wrote, would surely try maintain the flow by segregating the examples next time.
I tried to include the customary values of satya, ahimsa, compassion and tolerance as the ones to be continued. Now that I think about it, I should've included traditions such as -respecting the elders, yoga. Couldn't think of anything strong hence skipped it. Any suitable examples in this regard?
So I had read an article wrt. this, quoting from the same:
+ Mahatma Gandhi: “It is good to swim in the waters of tradition but to sink in them is suicide."
+ Take our tradition of taking care of our parents in their old age or the food habits of our grandparents that were so much healthier. Today, if parents are abandoned by children in old age homes, consider it a great civilisational tragedy because our tradition is to revere our parents.
+ In America, Thanksgiving is a cultural holiday that symbolises peace, thankfulness. Most Americans consider the holiday a day to gather and express their thanks through food, family. Such customary traditions reinforce family values etc.
+ Institution of marriage
+ Modern man provides new form to ancient traditions, social systems and cultural relations. He struggles with his time and creates suitable and refined norms. In this way, progressive spirit is essential to be modern. Traditional people find themselves unable to walk with time. They are rooted in traditional faith. They are not capable to break the pre-established social norms and are unable to seek the alternative. To claim that only the man of today is modern and the man of yesterday was utterly traditional can never be justified. Every age produces modern men. Every age has been modern during its span. The modern man has to clash with previous values of his age and time.
- Very poor maintenance and un-hygienic conditions in hospital premises.
- The hospital staff frequently demanding bribes from the patients for the services rendered.
- The negligent attitude of the Doctors resulting in times of casualties.
- Siphoning of a substantial stock of medicine by the staff and selling it out.
- Strong nexus between the senior Doctors of the hospital and the owners of local private nursing homes and testing labs as a result of which the patients are strongly misled and dissuaded from availing the hospital facilities and rather compelled to purchase costly medicines from market and get medical tests and even operations done from private medical houses.
- There also exist a notorious employee union which puts undue pressure and resents any reformative step by the administration.
Q. You are posted as the Medical Superintendent of a District level Govt. Hospital which caters to the need of poor patients from surrounding rural areas along with the local people from the district town.As such the hospital has very good infrastructure and adequate equipment to cater to this need. It also receives sufficient funds to meet the recurring expenditure. Inspite of this there have been repeated complaints particularly from the patients which include the following
- Very poor maintenance and un-hygienic conditions in hospital premises.
- The hospital staff frequently demanding bribes from the patients for the services rendered.
- The negligent attitude of the Doctors resulting in times of casualties.
- Siphoning of a substantial stock of medicine by the staff and selling it out.
- Strong nexus between the senior Doctors of the hospital and the owners of local private nursing homes and testing labs as a result of which the patients are strongly misled and dissuaded from availing the hospital facilities and rather compelled to purchase costly medicines from market and get medical tests and even operations done from private medical houses.
- There also exist a notorious employee union which puts undue pressure and resents any reformative step by the administration.
Ponder over the situation and suggest effective ways to tackle each of the above mentioned problem.Pointers-
the problem here is caused by-
- low morale of staff- poor maintenance of hospital
- low ethical values- bribery, misleading
- lack of compassion towards the ill patients.
Ways to tackle the problem.
1. For poor maintenance and unhygienic conditions-
a) Motivating and boosting the morale of the staff to disseminate their duties properly.
b) arranging for the proper equipment for cleaning.
c) organising workshop on cleaning and importance of hygiene for both the staff as well as citizens.
2. Demanding of bribe-
a) Giving stern warning for not repeating the behaviour and future non- tolerance of such act.
b) Setting up a complaint desk where citizens can complaint in case some demands a bribe for doing any job.
c) Initiating disciplinary action for anyone found guilty of such acts.
3. The negligent attitude of doctors-
a) reminding them of the Hippocratic oath they have taken.
b) Motivating them to do their best and the change they are making towards the society.
c) Acknowledging and appreciating the good work done by them to boost their morale.
4. Siphoning off of medical stock by staff-
a) Short term-
(i) initiate action on those found guilty of such malpractices.
(ii) stamping the medicinal stock of hospital with the name of the hospital and not to be sold commercially.
(iii) Awaring people by asking them to inform the hospital authorities if they see medicines with such stock market.
b) long term- establishing an ICT system for medicine management. Every medicine which is bought by the hospital to be entered into the system and all the medicines should be given after entering the prescription in the system. This way record every single medicine would be maintained and anyone trying to syphon them off would be caught immediately.
5. Nexus between doctors and private parties-
a) Asking the doctors to write only the generic name/ salts of the medicine. So that people can buy whichever brand they like if the medicine is not available in the hospital.
b) No procedure that can take place in the hospital should be referred to private hospitals.
6. Employee union issue-
a) taking them into confidence before bringing reforms.
b) warning them of action if legitimate order are not obeyed.
c) making these unions more democratic by making them hold regular elections so that competent members can become leaders.
Very well summarised. Just adding on..
+The Principal objective of the medical profession is to render service to humanity with full respect for the dignity of profession and man.
+Government can cancel licenses of nursing homes and hospitals if they fail to stop unethical practices.
1. “Arriving at a conclusion” is a process, whereby you analyse both sides of the issues and then come to a conclusion based on the analyses. It gives an impression of being rational in making judgments/decisions.
2. Marks is provided based on content and that is what’s important. The only way to showcase that is analysing the issue/question from all aspect. In the end, your actual opinion to the direct question matters very less in the marks given
3. The only exception is an essay. Where you can give a hint about your opinions and let the examiner know where your essay will be headed in the initial part only.
You mentioned “both sides of the issue”.
I am considering that you meant “pros and cons/positives and negatives” there.
Now read this question:-
Hitting a woman is wrong. Do you agree?
Now in this question , will you critically evaluate too like will you give benefits and harms of hitting a woman?
I’m assuming a “No”.
Here one would definitely mention why we shouldn’t hit a woman(negatives of hitting woman) and can also suggest some way forwards that can be adopted to boost woman pride.
so here, the answer to this question can be directly started by saying yes one agree to this statement followed by why one think this way in the body part, is what i believe.
Sorry, I have been away because of some Covid issues.
The point that you are making, is it based on your logic or previous Mains experience, and experience of Mains marking?
Obviously, in an answer Hitting a woman is wrong. Do you agree?
You dont have to write positives of hitting a woman.
But what you have to write is why some people think hitting a woman is okay. Here "some" and "think" is important.
You have write this in 2-3 lines. Anyone who does this does get more marks than one who says "Hitting woman is bad because".
Plus going by your argument, do you think they really want YOUR Personal OPINION?
Please keep note that this is humanities. Writing No, In my opinion hitting women is wrong fetches zero marks. It is not a Yes or No Answer at all, even if it looks likes.
Your answer is the analysis. Not the reply.
I beg to differ. Even though it is a humanities paper and it is the analysis that matters, one has to be categorical about certain things that are wrong by all means.
Child labour is child abuse- yes it is. Putting it across as: poverty compels children into labour and the causes are as follows is not the right approach.
If it's an essay for example, one has the luxury to present other points of view. For example, not all work done by children should be classified as child labour that is to be targeted for elimination. Children's or adolescents' participation in work that does not affect their health and personal development or interfere with their schooling, is generally regarded as being something positive.
Your views?
@upsc2020 sensitise kar lo kya oath dilwaoge aftr all oath toh pol representatives bhi le baithe hain and how good they r every1 knows!!
That's reality. This is an alternate point of view and a suggestion given the current crisis in policing and recent turn of events.
If illegal religious structure by minority community funded by mla wht shud 1 do as sdm(1 has lrdy verified and sent show cause notice 2 whch reply came 4 fine readiness but request of no demolition as almost complete and no othr prayer place)??
Ok so two points here.
- If the construction is almost complete, demolition doesn't make sense and would unnecessarily upset communal harmony. However, the administration cannot be seen as lax, which is why, there should be a heavy penalty imposed. There are SC precedents for the same. Also, to prevent such incidents in future, the municipality should demarcate zones wherein religious structures can be built. Non compliance of the same should be dealt with demolition at the early stages itself.
- the collusion of faith and power only results in the benefits for the powerful. There is a need to sensitize all communities not to support construction of illegal structures.
As SDM, that's as much can be done. The court can take suo moto cognizance and give restraining orders.
Sub values complement Each human value and lead to an overplus of meaning, to a whole synthesis. @Naadan_Parinda Image not available on all devices. Reposting your question.
Do we still need religion?
What is the role of faith if still today more human right violations have their roots in it - or its institutions - than in any other cause?
@Naadan_Parinda Image not available on all devices. Reposting your question.
Do we still need religion?
What is the role of faith if still today more human right violations have their roots in it - or its institutions - than in any other cause?
Is man one of God’s blunders? Or is God one of man’s blunders?
What has been the role of religion in society ?
Throughout history, religion has been the most important force shaping beliefs about the purpose of life, our place in the world, and how society should be structured. No matter how many religions have spawned upon throughout the centuries or how they differ in their dogmas, they all share a common role in infusing social virtues, creating social cohesion and providing individual peace.
Humans strive for belonging, and religion provides that - as a way of feeling, as a way of feeling together. And since all societies have religion, it has a social function, which I have mentioned above.
All major theorists have argued on similar lines that religion brings the society together, it's the opium of the masses etc etc.
I can go on ranting about this, but fast forwarding to the situation today. Religion is not what it used to be. Religion is on a decline. Israel 39 pc, Norway 30 pc, China 89pc people are committed atheists. Many who still want to affliate to religion are adopting Syncretism which is the “pick and mix” approach of combining religious traditions and practices. Eventually, humans want something to cling to. Religious people claim that it has a liberating and calming effect which helps them to overcome their fears—they see their God as a protector and maintain a hope for better things to come. Hope is what it gives. We all know how doctrines of faith are twisted for vested interests and to wage wars, so I will not delve into that at all.
However, the Question which I will raise here is - when morality is at the heart of every religion, do we need religion to create a moral society? Morality pre-dates religion, right ? Humans are created with a moral compass of right and wrong. What we need are good citizens and generations who are raised to think and question - do right thing for right reason. Doesn't matter whether you do it in a religious setup or not.
The problem that arises is the moral compass that we have internally is fallible and gets swayed, which religions claim to keep in check. Perhaps which is why, 84% of the world’s population identifies with a religious group today.
I know I do not answer your question exactly. :p
Dutch PM appointed Opposition leader as Minister for Health.
The new health minister was appointed based on his years of experience in healthcare, setting aside any party political interests.
Can be used as an example for - Non Partisanship, Courage, National interest etc.
@upsc2020 able 2 remember all??
Didn't understand.
Effective democracy requires people who have an inherent capacity for justice. Democracy only works when there is a fundamental striving for justice. Without a sense and commitment to justice—democracy will not work. A driving sense of justice makes democracy a viable option for a people.
But, a functioning democracy needs that justice is preserved. Appreciation and love for justice isn't same as striving towards preserving justice. As individuals we tend to strive for justice. But as groups we tend to strive for self-interest. For example, lobbyists, ideological fringe groups tend to observe this tendency.
Q.“Man’s capacity for justice makes democracy possible, but man’s inclination to injustice makes democracy necessary”. Comment.Great to have you back!
Haven't done ethics, first answer. Go easy pleeaaase. :P
Examples are nice. Introduction is a tad abrupt.
I suggest you space out your answer is shorter paragraphs. :)
Any suggestions would be very helpful. Too long? Are the examples sensible? Should there be more examples and less theory? And I’m not sure about the definition of justice I have given.
Examples are fine, however the answer is too long and misses the crux. As you rightly mentioned, you need to address the angle of justice more.
@upsc2020hey, can anyone tell me. how do we approach these kind of quotation questions.
they are really hard to decipher ?
Hi, you address it in the following manner:
1. See the theory behind it
2. Link it with current relevance
3. Quote examples
4. See if a counter argument can be made - balance the view
5. Conclude wrt. theory behind it.
DEDICATION TO PUBLIC SERVICE
Not at all the example for dedication.
1. Maternity leave is not a privilege, it is a necessity and a statutory right, an integral part of service.
2. The act is irresponsible , firstly because you will not have undivided attention towards your work. Secondly, you are exposing an infant to a not so clean environment. And for Christ's sake, where is the mask?
3. Even National Creche Scheme is for kids starting from 6 months.
4. Unnecessary Bravado
The concept of land ownership is as old as settled human life.
It forms the basis of
1. Community life in the form of villages, towns, states, and countries
2. Means of livelihood such as agriculture, industry, services like health and education
3. At individual level, as Aristotle had argued, land ownership is a source of motivation for further progress and achievements.
Thus land ownership has been a source of fraternity, cooperation, unity, positive attitude, etc.
However historically land ownership has also been a source of
1. War
2. Exploitation eg. colonialism
3. Conflict of interest between development vs habitat rights, development vs. environment protection
4. Inter personal quarrels, etc.
Remedial measures:
1. International agreements based on respect for territorial sovereignty
2. At national level - land reforms for just redistribution, EIA policy to balance development and rights of people and nature
3. Judiciary, community guidance to prevent land disputes, etc.
Thus land ownership per se is not immoral. Mutual respect, rule of law, and ethical governance can prevent issues caused by land ownership.
Can Add the following:
According to John Locke, the blending of an individual's labor with God's created universe produces private property. Private property results when something has been added by individual effort to transform previously unowned property. In Locke's view, individuals form societies in order to gain the strength to secure and defend their properties.
However, private property can hamper allocative efficiency.
You should add examples:
1. Policy of affordable housing
2. Land acquisition - larger good vs interests of tribes/individuals
The concept of land ownership is not moral. Do you agree? 150 wordsFrom the days of yore, land ownership has been a severely contested issue. There have been some major controversies around it but there have always been advocates of it either.
Traditionally in India, land has seen two brothers fighting for it who were earlier living amicably. Particularly in joint families, it has always remained a bone of contention. Out of the three factors which begets disputes namely Jar, Joru and Zameen, land has always occupied a place of primacy. And these all can be ascribed to great prestige and value which is attached to the land.
Since land is an asset, it must be owned by someone but as can be seen in India the people who are already well off keep acquiring land in a bid to further enhance their property as investment in land is always considered to be of giving very high return. Not the ownership per se but the undue ownership of land (because of ever increasing value of land) is what is immoral.
The need of the hour is to bring about land reforms in real sense which could identify the correct set of people worthy of being owners of the land like farmers, aboriginal and other tribal, etc. As Gandhi Ji rightly remarked, land should belong to those who actually cultivates it.
Interesting answer. Imo, required more of ethics. The Indian perspective is nice.
With artificial intelligence permeating every sphere of life, what ethical concerns and moral framework should be kept in mind for the automated future?
1. Distribution of wealth generated from AI
2. AI will lack emotional intelligence of humans, can't forge relationships like humans
3. AI weapons can be used indiscriminately. Wars are preventable because nations have the fear of loss of human life.
4. Lack of capability to differentiate between right and wrong - Microsoft developed an AI chatbot that was released on Twitter. But this chatbot soon learned Nazi propaganda and racist insults from other Twitter users.
A framework outlining ten core values and principles for the use of AI in business was made by a committee in UK. These are intended to "minimise the risk of ethical lapses due to an improper use of AI technologies". The values are:
- Accuracy.
- Respect of privacy.
- Transparency.
- Interpretability.
- Fairness.
- Integrity.
- Control.
- Impact.
- Accountability.
- Learning.
Artificial intelligence has vast potential, its responsible implementation is up to us. Machines are not moral agents, humans have to be responsible for the outcome of the decision-making process of an artificial agent.
why not accept the money?its for a good deed from a man who went in wrong route.no one is going to copy his way of living just because pavilion is named after him.other than thinking that there is a "great person" who donated 10 lakh dollars, does public(including ourselves) enquire the background of donater and how he got the money?no ones past should dictate their future good deeds,its only the attitude which we should disagree.Any way it will be mostly public money he looted and atleast its being put to use for good deeds nowSuch questions are mostly asked to see whether you go by the ethical standards or by your emotions! Let me explain you point wise.
Why not accept the money? It's for a good deed from a man who went in wrong route.
The man in question is no minor, not a person of unsound mind, but must be a person who had committed the crimes in his full senses. Accepting his money which in all probability has the likelihood of being earned from illegitimate sources will be like serving the self interest of the hospital while putting no question on the origin and legitimacy of money. This is morally not fair.
Does public (including ourselves) enquire the background of donator and how he got the money?
Not the donation per se but naming of the pavilion is also involved here. Suppose a pavilion is named after A.P.J Abdul Kalam and an other one named after Nirbhaya rapist or any notorious and infamous gangster, won't it be making difference in the minds of the general public? It will actually, and in a considerable way. Naming the pavilion after the mobster in this particular case will go against the goodwill of the hospital and will put a blot on its credibility.
No one's past should dictate their future good deeds, it's only the attitude which we should disagree.
Past deeds are the acts which people must be accountable for. This is the reason persons convicted of criminal offences have been barred from contesting elections for a particular period, this is the reason Md. Azharuddin was served life ban from playing all forms of Cricket and so on. Even committing criminal offences on many occasions work against a person aspiring to get a government job too. So, it will not be fair to disregard the past deeds. Also, the Gangsters in most of the cases are habitual offenders and even after having successfully completed their sentences, they tend to repeat their heinous crimes when get out of Jail.
Anyway it will be mostly public money he looted and at least it's being put to use for good deeds now.
Asserting it is not fair in my opinion because it will be a kind of endorsement of his past activities. It was the public money he looted which is totally wrong, so why to accept it in the first place! Moreover, these benevolent acts (like making contributions towards noble causes) are deliberately done by them to project themselves as humanitarians and working for larger public good, and therefore such intentions should never be let succeed.
That's very well elucidated. In my opinion, in such questions it is always advisable to highlight the conflict in the beginning itself. In thia case,
Problem: Doing Good With Something Obtained Immorally
Media today has lost its moral compass. Do you agree? Elucidate.Media is often touted as the fourth pillar of Indian democracy. Although innumerable media houses continue to operate in India, over the years there can be seen a general deterioration in the ways they function and in the manner they perform their responsibilities.
1) Contrary to doing responsible journalism and bringing to fore the real and core problems that the country is facing, many electronic media houses are running a host of programmes which are just supposed to appeal the viewers and keep them glued to their channels; improving their TRPs and raising their profitability have become their prime concern.
2) Off late many paid media channels have emerged. Some of them are controlled by the big business houses and corporate world. Serving their interest has replaced independent journalism as their main motive.
3) Almost all the media houses remain politically inclined towards one or other political parties, groups and beliefs. This lack of neutrality cost the country heavily and their biases and prejudices gets clearly visible in their uncalled-for appreciation/criticism of the government moves.
4) Some loopholes in the Press and Registration of Books Act, 1867 regarding the definition of 'Editor' have led to the foreigners owning many media houses in India (completely or partially). Such media persons seem to serve their vested interests and fail to take moral high grounds, be responsible and patriotic, and cover issues which really affect India's interests.
5) Print media in general and regional & local newspapers in particular have become heavily dependent on the advertisement, majority of which comes through government route. They don't dare do genuine and constructive criticisms of the government moves for that will negatively impact their earning and profitability.
6) Lately many digital news channels have mushroomed which just publish false, fake and fabricated news without vouching for their authenticity. Some of them tend to incite public violence too by their reporting on sensitive issues like love jihad, communal clashes, dalit atrocities, etc
All in all, media can be widely seen nowadays loosing it's moral compass. Despite enjoying 'Freedom of Press' emanating from the Constitution, they have failed to leverage it to effectively perform their duties. It's high time attempts should be made to suitably regulate media and eliminate the malpracrices and irregularities therein to make it responsible, unbiased, independent, and moral.
You answer is replete with examples which is very nice. However, I would like to put forth a question here? Should we not highlight a contrary opinion as well. Isn't it a one sided answer?
Media today has lost its moral compass. Do you agree? Elucidate.Media is often touted as the fourth pillar of Indian democracy. Although innumerable media houses continue to operate in India, over the years there can be seen a general deterioration in the ways they function and in the manner they perform their responsibilities.
1) Contrary to doing responsible journalism and bringing to fore the real and core problems that the country is facing, many electronic media houses are running a host of programmes which are just supposed to appeal the viewers and keep them glued to their channels; improving their TRPs and raising their profitability have become their prime concern.
2) Off late many paid media channels have emerged. Some of them are controlled by the big business houses and corporate world. Serving their interest has replaced independent journalism as their main motive.
3) Almost all the media houses remain politically inclined towards one or other political parties, groups and beliefs. This lack of neutrality cost the country heavily and their biases and prejudices gets clearly visible in their uncalled-for appreciation/criticism of the government moves.
4) Some loopholes in the Press and Registration of Books Act, 1867 regarding the definition of 'Editor' have led to the foreigners owning many media houses in India (completely or partially). Such media persons seem to serve their vested interests and fail to take moral high grounds, be responsible and patriotic, and cover issues which really affect India's interests.
5) Print media in general and regional & local newspapers in particular have become heavily dependent on the advertisement, majority of which comes through government route. They don't dare do genuine and constructive criticisms of the government moves for that will negatively impact their earning and profitability.
6) Lately many digital news channels have mushroomed which just publish false, fake and fabricated news without vouching for their authenticity. Some of them tend to incite public violence too by their reporting on sensitive issues like love jihad, communal clashes, dalit atrocities, etc
All in all, media can be widely seen nowadays loosing it's moral compass. Despite enjoying 'Freedom of Press' emanating from the Constitution, they have failed to leverage it to effectively perform their duties. It's high time attempts should be made to suitably regulate media and eliminate the malpracrices and irregularities therein to make it responsible, unbiased, independent, and moral.
You answer is replete with examples which is very nice. However, I would like to put forth a question here? Should we not highlight a contrary opinion as well. Isn't it a one sided answer?
@Neyawn What do you suggest? In questions where in we put Do you Agree - what should the approach be?
Media today has lost its moral compass. Do you agree? Elucidate.Media is often touted as the fourth pillar of Indian democracy. Although innumerable media houses continue to operate in India, over the years there can be seen a general deterioration in the ways they function and in the manner they perform their responsibilities.
1) Contrary to doing responsible journalism and bringing to fore the real and core problems that the country is facing, many electronic media houses are running a host of programmes which are just supposed to appeal the viewers and keep them glued to their channels; improving their TRPs and raising their profitability have become their prime concern.
2) Off late many paid media channels have emerged. Some of them are controlled by the big business houses and corporate world. Serving their interest has replaced independent journalism as their main motive.
3) Almost all the media houses remain politically inclined towards one or other political parties, groups and beliefs. This lack of neutrality cost the country heavily and their biases and prejudices gets clearly visible in their uncalled-for appreciation/criticism of the government moves.
4) Some loopholes in the Press and Registration of Books Act, 1867 regarding the definition of 'Editor' have led to the foreigners owning many media houses in India (completely or partially). Such media persons seem to serve their vested interests and fail to take moral high grounds, be responsible and patriotic, and cover issues which really affect India's interests.
5) Print media in general and regional & local newspapers in particular have become heavily dependent on the advertisement, majority of which comes through government route. They don't dare do genuine and constructive criticisms of the government moves for that will negatively impact their earning and profitability.
6) Lately many digital news channels have mushroomed which just publish false, fake and fabricated news without vouching for their authenticity. Some of them tend to incite public violence too by their reporting on sensitive issues like love jihad, communal clashes, dalit atrocities, etc
All in all, media can be widely seen nowadays loosing it's moral compass. Despite enjoying 'Freedom of Press' emanating from the Constitution, they have failed to leverage it to effectively perform their duties. It's high time attempts should be made to suitably regulate media and eliminate the malpracrices and irregularities therein to make it responsible, unbiased, independent, and moral.
You answer is replete with examples which is very nice. However, I would like to put forth a question here? Should we not highlight a contrary opinion as well. Isn't it a one sided answer?
Yes, you are right. The very same was pointed out by my father as well who reviewed it yesterday. Verbally he told that answer is good except that it's appearing one-sided. The same was later mentioned in his written review too (Please check the last line in the attached file).
Great..
Case Study:A convicted mobster decides to make a charitable contribution. He offers more than $1 million to a hospital to build a children’s wing. He will make the contribution if the new pavilion is named after him. The hospital board accepts the gift, with that stipulation. Do you think the hospital was right in accepting the gift?The question seems to skip some details. If the money of the convicted person is black money or extracted from extortion etc. But assuming if the earning itself is from questionable sources.
There are broadly three stakeholders : criminal, health institution and children
1. The criminal : in quest to improve social standing and gain public confidence seeks to justify his acts as opposed to whatever wrongs he committed. Legal system follows rule of law he committed crime and no donation or good deed can over power it. Here he has committed a legal offence, but in society both ethical and social morality prevails. It could be very well true that he gains publicity for such an act.
There seems to be clear intent of criminal to improve his image and social standing by insisting on naming a hospital division after him.
2. Public health institution : will gain from the extra funding and will be able to develop its infrastructure. Over all it will help increase capacity and capability of the institution. Especially for children.
3. Children : The children and their parents will be benefitted from a separate division created for children. To cater and attend to. By focusing on children's health it improves lives of children and their families deriving benefit out of the separate institution created.
If it is right or wrong :
1. Consequentialism argues that an action is good or bad depends more on outcome. The action here seems to do good for the people (children). Using Bentham's argument it is justified if it creates greatest good for the greatest number. example : 1000 children benefitted >criminal acts of one
2. Deontologically it is wrong as action is wrong. It seems to derive money from a questionable source and put it in for good use. But the action itself is morally unjustified.
Concluding,
In long term it will compromise public institution credibility and set a bad precedent in the society. Also it compromises the integrity of a public institution (hospital). Maybe it will benefit the hospital and improve its capability. But the cost though intangible will compromise ethics of governance. Hence hospital is wrong in accepting donation from convicted person.
Inputs welcomed
I have another line of thought in my mind.
The money that was obtained was obtained by a mobster. He is proven to have been unethical. while you rightly say, that the source of money is not mentioned, perhaps this can be added in the answer as a flipside - The hospital can get a background check done and check source of funds. If the money is legal, they can accept. After all, a moral society should give everyone a chance for redemption.
@upsc2020S tht practical,hospitals r lrdy resource stretched,not possible 2 do bckgrndchck!!
Outsource it. :)
does challenging wrong pressure exerted by authority come under integrity?
No, integrity is about following moral or ethical convictions and doing the right thing in all circumstances, even if no one is watching you. Having integrity means you are true to yourself and ethical values.
Challenging pressure exerted wrongly by authorities is courage.
Hello everyone! Need some help. There is a common suggestion by some toppers to use examples from Leaders life or one's personal life by toppers. I have been trying to understand how to use them and specifically which questions are they to be used in more importantly? Is this specific to case studies or can be used in other questions too?like in questions what would you do if x thing happens? So is the suggestion to use example in a way like I have encountered a similar situation in life or Gandhi/xyz had such experience. Felt little odd to me, because question is what to do, what are your options etc. and I start telling my story. Is this where it is supposed to be used or not and how could it be framed in a better way.
Sorry for so many questions, just could not get the right point/flow to use these examples.
And also checked some topper copies did not find any examples there.
Any guidance would be very appreciated. Thanks.
Real life examples of leaders as evidence that support the demand of the question are always helpful.
For example, if you want to quote an example on Conviction: Quote any instance of Gandhi.
TN seshan: civil services neutrality, reforms etc.
Please review...^_^
Examples are good.
However, structure and intro is not right in my opinion. The first part of answer does not adequately explain how non performance is a form of corruption.
You do not have to start with corruption and deriliction of duty.
Corruption does not refer financial impropriety alone. Non-performance and failing to meet expectations in an organisation is also a form of corruption.
Dedication towards the job is one of the core expectations from a public servant and not performing that act is unethical, unprofessional, tantamounts to wastage of resources, erodes faith in public machinery. Here you can mention various examples to support this.
Prevention to the Corruption Act also considers non-performance of public duty as an offence.
The flipside has been addressed well by you, wherein you mention that non performance can be a result of several other causes.
But not doing one's duty is very rarely a solution. A public servant must be solution oriented and should make the beneficiaries aware that if something is not being done there's a larger good involved.
Conclude on these lines - one has to see the situation and intent before considering the cause of non performance. However, not performing them deliberately without a valid reason is a grave offence.
please review!
Wow that's an awesome answer.
Democratic Protests and Pandemic - Ethical Issues
Protest is one of the most important ways we can express disagreement with government action. However, the ability of people to protest in an emergency situation such as the current pandemic is very unclear.
The ability to voice dissent is vital for a functioning democracy. It is therefore arguable that people should be able to protest against what they see as government overreach.
Online or virtual protests are a possibility. Climate change activist Greta Thunberg has recommended people avoid mass gatherings during the pandemic and instead engage in online campaigns and digital strikes.
However, one of the hallmarks of effective protest is its public, visual impact. And often media coverage of protests is a means of garnering greater public support.
Issue is Individual Liberty vs Responsibility towards society?
What are your views? I think a case study on this may be asked.
Qus: Should civil servants be concerned about the decisions of the govt even if they are not directly linked to them and raise their voice if they are not in the letter and spirit of the constitution?
[qus in the view of resignation of Kannan gopinath and Sashikant senthil]
Gopinath has submitted his resignation. Cannot quote here.
If it is about serving officers:
Officers are expected to be loyal to the government but to the extent that its actions and policies are in conformity with the Constitution and in favour of public good. Officers are required to implement the political vision, programmes and policies that are consistent with the Constitution. But the ultimate responsibility for the nature and shape of policy is that of the Minister and the political executive. They can overrule, amend, modify or approve the proposals. Officers can at best reiterate the implications of ‘bad policy’, advise and try to convince, but cannot question the final decision.
Legal View:
Tripura High Court in its judgment, has mentioned that government servants are entitled to hold and express their political beliefs, subject to the restrictions laid under Rule 5 of the Tripura Civil Services (Conduct) Rules, 1988.
Chief Justice Akil Kureshi has mentioned that “As a Government servant the petitioner is not devoid of her right of free speech, a fundamental right which can be curtailed only by a valid law. She was entitled to hold her own beliefs and express them in the manner she desired, of course, subject to not crossing the borders laid down in sub-rule (4) of Rule 5 of the Conduct Rules”
Kerala HC: Discipline and servitude are to be distinguished. If an employee speaks out in social media in a general perspective which is not inconsistent with the collective interest of the Institution, that is part of his right of free speech. No authority should expect one to be silent. The survival of public Institution depends upon how it accounts for democratic values. Free expression is the cornerstone of democratic value. Every functionary of public power, therefore, must command liberty to their constituents
@upsc2020 Hi. ^_^NIce facts and apt use of judgements. But I think, it sounds more like a GS-2 than ethics answer.
The ethical standpoint I have highlighted in the first part. The legal view is for your reference.
Qus: Should civil servants be concerned about the decisions of the govt even if they are not directly linked to them and raise their voice if they are not in the letter and spirit of the constitution?
[qus in the view of resignation of Kannan gopinath and Sashikant senthil]
No, officers cannot resort to social media publicly criticizing govt policies. One you resign/retire say whatever bothers you, but while in service, it shows a disconnect and erodes public faith even more.
Also, it would be more apt to use- political neutrality and allegiance to constitution.
Qus: Should civil servants be concerned about the decisions of the govt even if they are not directly linked to them and raise their voice if they are not in the letter and spirit of the constitution?
[qus in the view of resignation of Kannan gopinath and Sashikant senthil]
No, officers cannot resort to social media publicly criticizing govt policies. One you resign/retire say whatever bothers you, but while in service, it shows a disconnect and erodes public faith even more.
Also, it would be more apt to use- political neutrality and allegiance to constitution.
Sorry forgot to mention - if such a question comes one has to mention 'Crisis of conscience'.
Crisis of conscience’ can be considered as a situation wherein people will have to choose between their inner morals and their duty or responsibility. This crisis is especially prevalent among honest and upright public servants.
@upsc2020 red book review pls.
It's a nice read. Can be used. Focus should be on internalizing and then practising answer writign. Not much to memorize.
We have no eternal allies and we have no perpetual enemies. Critically examine the statement in the context of Ethics in International relations.
This statement has now become an example for all countries of the world and they attempt to set their relations on this basis. It means that the countries of the world make efforts to put national interests on top of their agenda in their relations with the entire world.
https://www.newindianexpress.com/opinions/2020/may/01/dilemmas-of-a-young-civil-servant-2137683.html
Civil servants getting caught in the political crossfire is nothing new, but this creates a dilemma in the minds of young officers. Their hearts would want to perform and deliver but their minds would tell them to beware of the risks associated with honest performance. They start believing it may not get rewarded. They wonder if they should also master the art of being servile to those who matter and learn how to become ‘visible’ through glamour, without doing much so they would not commit mistakes. Once this doubt enters their mind, they either learn the tricks of the trade or become useless. In either case, they consider themselves safe. For some young recruits, the issue gets settled pretty quickly.
Must read.
https://www.newindianexpress.com/opinions/2019/dec/15/ethical-behaviour-pays-in-civil-service-2076228.html
Political alignment can create problems for a serving civil servant. It violates a defined and codified code of conduct. However, a civil servant is expected to be politically neutral even if such conduct evidently or explicitly does not violate an express provision of conduct rules. Therefore, there is a huge debate on whether civil servants in general and those occupying constitutional positions in particular, such as that of Election Commissioner, should be allowed to join a political party after their tenure.
MAYDAY! MAYDAY!
I am not able to complete the paper even after writing 3-4 full test ( usually miss 40 marks paper straight away) due to time crunch. Can some please help me with this.
This happens a lot. Especially with Ethics. Try changing the order. Attempt case studies first. Check word limit. Try to incorporate more flowcharts if time crunch is too much.
What is probity? How can we exercise probity?
What is probity? How can we exercise probity?
Probity (Satyanishtha in Hindi) literally means a complete and confirmed integrity; having strong moral principles. Probity in Governance is defined as adherence to ethical and moral values like honesty, Integrity, rectitude, uprightness etc. It is the presence of procedural integrity with high standards of ethical behaviour. It is vital for executing the governance system and socio-economic development.
Probity in Governance seeks to fulfil the following purposes:
- It preserves public confidence in Government processes
- It maintains integrity in public services
- It ensures accountability in governance
- It ensures compliance with processes
- It seeks to avoid the potential for misconduct, fraud and corruption
Measures for ensuring probity in government:
- Moral education: Moral education is a must to ensure probity in governance. To make an individual high on integrity, it is necessary to provide him with ethical training that will inspire him to improve governance. The moral education will surely ensure that this takes place. For example, training on the importance of avoiding bribes.
- Accountability: Accountability reduces chances of malpractices in governance. When an individual is expected to give answers to higher authorities, he/she avoids performing acts that will reduce his/her position. This will translate into good governance. For example, Social audits ensures accountability and thus lead to probity.
- Information Sharing and Transparency in Governance: Sharing information and transparency are indispensable pillars of good governance that compel the state and civil society to focus on results, seek clear objectives, develop effective strategies, and monitor and report on performance.
- Access to information:Many laws were enumerated to bring probity in governance for sharing information to the public by putting information in the public domain and which includes the following:
- Right to information Act.
- Ombudsman Office in the local/state level.
- Accountability bill for disclosure of Income and Assets.
- Records Management laws.
- Grievance redressal: Easy access of government officials to the public is important for grievance redressal. It can be ensured through:
- Availability of Contact numbers of senior servants to Public
- Details in Departmental websites
- Facilitation counters for citizens
- Assessment and Monitoring
- Code of conduct: Probity is maintained by formulating and employing model code of conduct for ministers, bureaucracy, judiciary, and civil society groups.
- Institutional reforms: Introducing public delivery of service agreements by executive agencies for ensuring accountability, objectivity and transparency. Allowing stakeholders like citizen committees to participate in various decision making processes and encouraging and facilitating public participation through the following:
- Public Hearings.
- Citizen Advisory Boards.
- Government Contract Committees.
- Public Watchdog Groups.
- Independent Anti-Corruption Agencies.
- Capacity building of citizens and civil society groups.
Probity is a crucial feature of governance which endows government to act ethically and perform its duty as per the norms only. It is significant for the government to follow the rules and regulations as well as adopt policies of impartiality, to gain confidence from the public. When government becomes its system streamline as well as transparent, then the public and government employees concerned to it follow the same criterion. Hence, no corruption, fraud, and irresponsibility will happen.
Source: https://blog.forumias.com/answeredwhat-do-you-understand-by-probity-in-governance-based-on-your-understanding-of-the-term-suggest-measures-for-ensuring-probity-in-government/
Compassion
Two Delhi Police constables have been trying their best to save the lives of critical COVID-19 patients by coordinating for blood plasma. The duo has managed to help at least 20 patients so far. Constables Ravinder Dhariwal of 2012 batch and Amit Phogat of 2010 batch, posted in 6th battalion and outer district respectively, have been relentless in their life-saving mission. Not just to COVID-19 patients, Mr. Ravinder and Mr. Amit have been donating and coordinating donation for blood and platelets to all since 2018.Interestingly, Mr. Amit has donated platelets 64 times and Mr. Ravinder has donated 48 times. Most of them have been for civilians, including family members of Delhi Police officers.
Transparency
In the model district of Mochha, Chhattisgarh, people are using RTI as a tool for transparency to secure employment and scholarships for the youth as well as for the elderly. They also pressured government doctors and school teachers to show up at work regularly. Villagers in Madhubani district, Bihar used RTI to expose a solar-light scam, leading to charges against 200 corrupt officials.
Leadership
IAS officer utilizes the lockdown time to rejuvenate Kalyani river. IAS officer, Deputy commissioner, MNREGA-Barabanki, ND Dwivedi and Block Development officer Hemanth Kumar Yadav, adopted measures such as sensitizing villagers, eliminating encroachments, reducing garbage dumping, and open defecation on the river bank. After officially registering 500 odd workers in Mavaiya cleanup and 300 in Haidargarh, the officials instructed the workers about the process. The district authorities also sensitized people about open defecation and dumping garbage in the river.
Leadership & Accountability
Satish Dhawan was the chairman of ISRO during the first launch of SLV. Despite sincere efforts the launch of SLV failed. Satish Dhawan didn't blame anyone and took the responsibility for failure. In the next attempt, when the launch was successful, he didn't boast about his own efforts in making the mission a success. Rather, he gave full credit to his team that had worked hard for the mission. Such a humble gesture shown by Satish Dhawan set a great example of leadership to the organization and others, who drew inspiration from him.
Dedication to public service
Armstrong Pame is an officer in the Indian Administrative Service (IAS). He belongs to Zeme speaking group of Zeliangrong community from Manipur. He has earned the sobriquet ‘Miracle Man’ for building a 100 km road famously known as the "Peoples' Road" connecting Manipur to Nagaland and Assam. In August 2012, he raised Rs. 40 lakh for this purpose through Facebook page. For his efforts in building the road with donation and volunteers he was invited to Facebook headquarters in California.
@upsc2020 examples you have collected?
Some from here and there. Posting those.
Compassion
Anand Kumar's Super 30- Anand Kumar from Bihar provides free coaching to financially backward students, who aspire to get admission in India's prestigious college such as the IITs. It's due to his selfless Service, dedication and attitude of Service that many such financially backward students have made their dream of studying in IITs a reality.
Resilience
Karoly Takacs was a Hungarian Shooter who had put years of hard work to participate in the Olympics. But he could not do so due to cancelation of Olympics due to second world war. To make things worse, he lost his right hand (his shooting hand) in the world war. But, such situations could not stop him. He worked harder and trained his left hand to participate in the Olympics. With this single hand he won two successive Gold Medals in Olympics of 1948 and 1952, setting a world record by winning two successive Gold Medals in Olympics.
