1) What are “rights” and why do they grow? Corner-stone Key idea quotes / example Co-relativity Every right presupposes a matching duty; without obligation the claim is empty. “Rights and duties are two sides of the same coin.” Social recognition Rights do not float in a vacuum; they exist only through community acknowledgement. Critics of […]
1. Justice as Ideal & Absolute Truth Angle Key Takeaways Static vs Dynamic Static grasp = comprehension of an ideal absolute truth. Dynamic grasp = that truth evolving with rationality and social consciousness. Context-dependence What once looked “just” (slavery, caste, women’s subjugation) later turns unjust as moral horizons widen. Etymology “Jangere” (Latin) → to bind; […]
1. What is the State? Population · Territory · Sovereignty · Government – the four pillars. Max Weber: the state holds “a monopoly of the legitimate use of violence.” Key features – sovereignty, public institutions, legitimation, coercion, territorial identity. 2. Species of States (know the labels) Type Tag line Champions / Examples Minimalist Night-watchman Classical/Neo-Liberals, Robert […]
1. Why Politics? • From Greek polis (city-state). Politics is “the art of the possible,” the craft of reconciling differences to reach binding collective decisions. • Aristotle: “Man is by nature a political animal.” • Politics is power-laden—acquiring, retaining, exercising it. Garner’s state-centric maxim—“Political science starts and ends with the state”—now competes with society wide […]