Yes it is a swap agreement but it does involve buying and selling(if buying now then will have to sell at a later date and vice versa).
The statement 1 is correct in the sense lets say there is a dollar shortage in forex market due to increase in demand. Now there is also high deposits prevailing with the banks in the economy. Now what RBI will do is that it will swap these deposits with the dollar. It can also be said that the RBI is selling the dollars to the CBs. The selling of dollars by the RBI will lead to increase in dollar supply in the economy/ forex market.
Coming to the second statement, the statement just says Forex will increase. How will the forex increase? Who is or will pump new forex in the economy? The cumulative forex of India is going to remain same no? Had the statement mentioned that RBI’s forex will increase then toh we could have said for sure that yes it is 100% correct. But the statement says that forex will increase. How will it increase? Think and let me know too.
Someone else forwarded me this question. I have requested for the solution too. I’ll share as soon as I’ll get it.
Can anyone explain what a management information system (MIS) is, with some real world examples?
MIS is something which generates information which supports management function and facilitates decision- making process.
Consider government as an Organization and vaccinating the citizens against covid to be the objective of this organisation to be achieved, COWIN portal can be considered as a MIS which generates various kinds of information like stock availability, numbers of jabs given, wastage of vaccine doses and likewise, all such information helping in management of the vaccination strategy as well as providing inputs to facilitate coordination among various agencies of the organisation ie the government involved in vaccination process, as well as providing inputs for future course of action/s based on real time scenarios and all of these above mentioned things finally contributing to the ultimate objective of the govt(org) that is to vaccinate the citizens.
What explains the aversion of shanta kumar committee and niti aayog towards NFSA. Shanta kumar recommended curtailing coverage from present 66.6% to 40% and niti also made a similar call recently. And is DBT a real substitute for food grains? Given the patriarchal nature wouldnt the money be controlled by male of the family and I know it's a cynical view but how would you ensure that the money actually goes towards nutrition and not towards alcohol, and other vices or priorities. Further , when govt provides food theoretically there's some minimum standard , regardless of how much the inflation is people get food. If DBT isn't inflation adjusted people won't be able to purchase food.m when tomatoes go 100 and onions 80.
And This is being recommended when GHI ranking shows india as one of the hungriest country of the world. Further, CoVid ke time par when the even the much vaunted middle class has shrunk by 3 crore and lining up for ration, niti aisa kyu suggest krega.
Give me counter arguments.
The DBT will be given on the basis of ration cards, as it is related to food provisioning. The ration cards are issued in the name of the female head of the household. The ration card has linked to it the bank account of the female head under whose name the ration card is issued. The DBT will be made to this bank account only and most of these bank accounts would be under the PM Jan Dhan Yojana regime and hence I think the DBT funds would be under the direct disposal of these female heads only in most of the cases barring some exceptions and they will decide on how to spend the amount received via this DBT.
And though DBT has several flaws in it but still it is a potential way forward keeping in mind the corruption, ill practices and the discretions the food grain allotters/distributors enjoy under the existing food grain provisioning system.
The quest for independent decision-making of women gender reminds me of a recent data point coverage of the Hindu wherein it was stated that as per NFHS 5 survey, health outcomes were better for those women who took independent health decisions as compared to those women whose health decisions were taken by their husbands.
But such independence of decision-making is not the sole panacea to all the problems out there. It has to be coupled up with the ability of women to make rational decisions with the resources they have, though limited they may be. For example, if they are getting some amount as DBT for buying food grains but instead they are buying cosmetics like lipstick and makeup instead with that money to flaunt among the neighbouring aunties of the gully, I guess they are at fault for doing so.
Coming to the UBI part, again this has to be viewed wrt rational decision making. Cash transfers are indeed a positive move, condition being the amount is utilised for genuine purposes. For eg, if we go as per NFSA act, majorly, 3 items are provisioned, vis, wheat, rice and pulses. But if rather than providing these commodities to the households directly, if we provide them with an equivalent or a higher amount as a cash transfer, the receiving household would have greater options to spend this money upon. They can either buy these basic food grains, or they can go for other healthy and nutritious stuffs like fruits, vegetables, eggs, diary and likewise. But again, inflation has to be indexed no matter what as we all know how the prices of even the necessities are sky rocketing these days. So, conclusively, UBI, or any cash transfer per say, isn’t that bad an option. It does, to a major extent, depend upon the rationality of the person at the receiving end who is to spend the money, and independence wrt this decision making, plays a vital role.
I would also like to say that food grain provisioning by the government, to an extent, seems to be a kind of monopoly to me, and an antidote to this monopoly is the practice of Public Choice approach wherein citizens are provided with different alternatives/choices, with the inclusion of private domain. And cash transfers seem to be a medium for such kind of approach as cash at hand gives people scope to exercise choices, expecting the choices being made are logical and rational.
P.S. Thanks for the compliment bhai. I too have come to a realisation that many of the knowledge we assume that might be content enriching for the answers/exam, actually do not provide to be of much use when it comes to ground reality and to be honest, this feeling sucks :/
What explains the aversion of shanta kumar committee and niti aayog towards NFSA. Shanta kumar recommended curtailing coverage from present 66.6% to 40% and niti also made a similar call recently. And is DBT a real substitute for food grains? Given the patriarchal nature wouldnt the money be controlled by male of the family and I know it's a cynical view but how would you ensure that the money actually goes towards nutrition and not towards alcohol, and other vices or priorities. Further , when govt provides food theoretically there's some minimum standard , regardless of how much the inflation is people get food. If DBT isn't inflation adjusted people won't be able to purchase food.m when tomatoes go 100 and onions 80.
And This is being recommended when GHI ranking shows india as one of the hungriest country of the world. Further, CoVid ke time par when the even the much vaunted middle class has shrunk by 3 crore and lining up for ration, niti aisa kyu suggest krega.
Give me counter arguments.
The DBT will be given on the basis of ration cards, as it is related to food provisioning. The ration cards are issued in the name of the female head of the household. The ration card has linked to it the bank account of the female head under whose name the ration card is issued. The DBT will be made to this bank account only and most of these bank accounts would be under the PM Jan Dhan Yojana regime and hence I think the DBT funds would be under the direct disposal of these female heads only in most of the cases barring some exceptions and they will decide on how to spend the amount received via this DBT.
And though DBT has several flaws in it but still it is a potential way forward keeping in mind the corruption, ill practices and the discretions the food grain allotters/distributors enjoy under the existing food grain provisioning system.
Having in her account won't ensure she spends it. Authority of males in the family has to be taken into consideration.
Agreed. That’s why I typed there will be few exceptions.
Also, in the pursuit of finding some numerical backing in order to make sure that what all I was conveying was even making sense or not, I came across this 👇🏼
Source:- https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/current-affairs-trends/national-family-health-survey-2019-20-number-of-bank-accounts-owned-operated-by-women-grows-6231791.html
@D503 same here as well bhai! 🍻
Who all are included in the Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) scheme?
Are subsidies part of transfer payment?
A transfer payment is a one-way payment to a person or organization which has given or exchanged no goods or services for it.
Generally, the phrase "transfer payment" is used to describe government payments to individuals through social programs such as welfare, student grants, and even Social Security. However, government payments to corporations—including unconditional bailouts and subsidies—are not commonly described as transfer payments.
Source: Investopedia
Still confused :/
Source- Wikipedia
Source- Encyclopedia.com
@Caffeinity By devaluation, you essentially reducing the purchasing power of the currency. Imagine a pie that equally divided into four parts. Now each part is 1/4th of the pie. Now if you slice it twice in such a manner that each part is 1/8th, obviously the piece remains one, but its 'value' decreases. If you had promised someone to give '02 'slices of your pie, you would obviously prefer to divide it into 8 slices than 4 to give them a lesser share.Similarly, if a govt has borrowed let's say 100000 INR, they can devalue the currency to their advantage. If each USD was worth 50 rupees earlier (assume), now if rupee is devalued such that 1 USD = 100 rupees. Then, when the govt repays the fixed debt, what was effectively worth 2000 USD now is worth 1000 only. Hence, burden reduced.
Devalued currency leads to increase in exports.
Higher exports bring in more forex.
Higher forex will increase the repayment ability wrt foreign loan.
Higher ability to repay eventually leads to reduction in sovereign debt burden.
Is this a right way to think as well?
@TheNotorious I am not very sure of this relationship. China is notorious for manipulating currency to promote exports, but as@sstarrr and@balwintejas have explained, that won't help in case of non-yuan denominated debt.
As per RBI report on India’s external debt, Debt in terms of USD has the maximum share(more than 50%).
Im not sure what is the major currency which India uses for global trade but worldwide, USD is the most transacted currency globally. Plus, wrt India’s forex, though there are many currencies under Foreign Currency Assets, but ultimately they are converted to USD. So due to the above two reasons, I’m assuming India mostly deals in USD(I may be totally wrong here).
So, if currency is devaluated, it will boost exports. Exports will bring in more forex( assuming USD due to the above mentioned reason that ultimately all foreign currencies are converted into USD under foreign currency asset section of rbi’s forex reserve)and since as per RBI’s report the USD dominates India’s external debt, so more influx of forex (more USD) due to higher exports, will enable India to make more payments wrt it’s external debt, hence reducing debt burden.
WHAT IS MEANT BY PROVISIONING OF LOANS?
Hypothetically assume a bank received 100₹ by a single person as deposit and decided to lend these 100₹ to 10 different people(₹10 each).
Now the bank again receives 100₹ as deposits and decides to lend this ₹100 amount to same 10 people as well.
But this time, 2 out of 10 people defaulted while repayment of loans which were sanctioned out of initial ₹100 deposited amount. So this time, the bank will lend only ₹80 out of the new 100₹ to 8 people and not complete ₹100 because bank was not able to recover ₹20 from the earlier lent amount, so it is keeping aside ₹20 from the new ₹100 deposit and lending ₹80 only.
The bank has to return the initial ₹100 deposited by the person as well at some point in time. If the bank lends entire 100₹ amount this time too, there will be a deficit of ₹20 ( one which weren’t repaid by 2 borrowers).
So to balance the loss of non recovery of ₹20, the bank is lending 80₹ this time. This reduction of 20₹ in lending amount from the new deposit of ₹100 is called provisioning.
Can anyone provide a document which has details of all the international organisations like asean, eu and stuff.
La Ex - RRP 2021 International Groupings.pdf@TheNotorious any clue from where to get all rrp pdfs ?
@Neyawn Sorry Sir , I didn't raise my question in a meaningful way. Kindly let me know , will the attempt be counted by UPSC if a candidate appear in none of the papers(GS + CSAT) (absent for both sittings )??
No.
Understand it this way.
The counting of attempt has got to do with the signing of attendance sheet/s.
If attendance sheet is signed in both the papers, attempt will be counted.
If attendance sheet is signed in any of the two papers, attempt will be counted.
If attendance sheet is signed in none of the two papers (the case that you are talking about), attempt will not be counted.
Cannot find any reliable/updated compilation of mineral resources and their largest producer/s(in India as well as worldwide). Created my own list for quick revision from various sites but not sure of how accurate my drafted information is. Please have a look and point out if there is/are any incorrect info in this; would be of great help.
The red star indicates largest producer.
P.S. If anyone has made a summary of Indian Minerals Yearbook 2019, kindly share please.
IN MID LATITUDES, SALINITY INCREASES UPTO 35 METRE DEPTH AND THEN DECREASES.
Is there any good soul who could care to explain this statement to me??
Thanks in advance :)
Not sure if the doubt is clear now or not but as I did this topic recently, I’ll try to explain it.
Some pointers:-
- Withincreasein temperature, there isincreasein salinity due to increase in evaporation.
- Withincreasein fresh water/precipitation, there isdecreasein salinity.
Explanation:-
Mid latitude regions(both north and south) receivemostsunlight during solstice(summer and winter likewise),as compared to other latitudes. Also, because there isno cloud formationin these regions(because these are zones ofhigh pressure(convergence in upper atmosphere))where winds sink), the ocean water here receivedirectsunlight, henceraisingthe sea surface temperature(due to these reasons, ocean water at mid latitudes areHOTTEST).
Keep in mind here that equator too receive direct sunlight but salinity here islowerwhen compared to mid latitude because equatorial regions are4 o clock showerregions due to formation ofcumulonimbus cloudsabove them, so precipitation heredecreasessalinity.
It is also that withincrease in depth of ocean, there isdecrease in temperature, so if temp is decreasing, so will the salinity. Hence at mid latitudes, salinity increases up to a depth and after that, itstarts to decline with increase in depth. However at poles, this(increase in depth->decrease in salinity), do notoccur. The surface ocean water at poles areLEASTsaline because ofinflux of freshwaterviamelting of glaciers. But after a depth(calledHALOCLINE), there is anincreasein salinity because there isno addition of fresh waterat that level. Post the HALOCLINE, from where the Dark region starts, salinity is atuniformlevel, both at poles and equator.
p.s sorry for such Chipka chipka sentences. I tried boldening the important keywords but it ended up this way. Editing it will consume more time so please excuse me.
@TheNotorious Official UPSC answer is C-constitutional right
Han ji dekha Mai Abhi net pey
Please have a look and point out if there is any wrong info in the list. Thank you.
@MaeveWiley I searched but it is showing that egrets also eat bugs from water buffalo?
Then this will be Mutualism.
agreeI was talking about externalities which make this exam more complex for aspirants, the FOMOthere wasn't need of such long post, mains k time chal jata :P
Long toh long, bhai ne Chinese CSE ke questions upar sey aur daal diye.
Meri CSAT ko leke phati padi hai, Mujhe cube and dice ke questions practice karne thay par Abhi Mai Gaokao ka sample test de raha hu 😹😹😹
@TheNotorious yeh kaisa procrastination hai bhai lmao
Mujhe khud nahi pata 😹
