Post Mauryan Trends:
Barhut:
Sculptures of Yaksha and Yakshini- 3D
Narative at Barhut: Ruru Jataka, Queen Mayadevis dream
Sanchi: Toranas(Gateways) have life of Buddha and Jatakas, Carving better than at Barhut, Symbols continue, Buddha and Manushi Buddha( Past Buddhas: der are total 24 Buddhas). Other Narratives at Sanchi are: Queens Dream, Seige of Kushinara, Buddha visit to Kapilavastu, Ashoka to Ramagrama Stupa
Mathura:
Indigenous style, Secular, Buda got Human form here, imagaes modelled on Yaksha images, Vish n Shiv by Ayudhas, Robes are transparent
Gandhara: Hellnistic Influence, Only Buddha imagaes, Buddha as Greek God, Musculine Buddha, Halo plain.
Early Temples:
Three kinds: Sandhara(no pradikshina) , Niranshara(pradikshina) , Sarvotabhadra( From all direction)
Deogarh, Eran, Udaygiri: Only hall shrine and veranda
Buddhist Monuments in South:
Vengi, Jaggayapetta, Amravati(Mahachaitya: Stupa with Jataka, early phase symbols, later phase images) Bhattiprolu, Gantapalle, Nagarjunakonda, Goli, Anakapalle, Sannati
Cave tradition in western india:
In Karle, biggest rock cut chaitya. It has animal and Human figures. -Vihara caves near Junnar called Ganeshleni.
Other sites are Ajantha, Pithakora, Ellora, Nashik, Bhaja.
Ajanta: 29 Caves: 4 chaityas and 25 Viharas: Buddha and Bodhisatvas images: Mahaparinibbana image: Themes such as Life of Buddha, Jataka, Avadanas: Simhalava Avadana, Mahajanaka Jataka(entire wall), Vidhurpandita Jataka, Chadanta Jataka: Vajrapani and Padmanpani, image of Mara Vijaya with hand touching ground.(largst sculptural panel of Ajanta)
Ellora: 32 caves with 12 Buddhist and 16 brahmanical: one is triple storey. Secular .
Figures of Tara, Mahamayuri, Akshobhya, Avalokiteshwara, Maitrya, Amitabha, Padmapani, Vajrapani, Vairochana,
Then themes of Shiva n Vishnu. Ravana shaking mt kailasa, Andakasurvadha, Kalyanasundara.
Rock cut temple: By Krish 1. Rashtrakut
Elephanta caves & other:
contemporary with ellora
Caves in Eastern India:
Guntapalle, Rampaerrampallam, Anakapalli(biggest rock cut stupa in India)
Udaygiri Khandagiri Cavez: Kharvela, Jain monks
Sanchi Stupa: @ MP, Toranas have jataka, have shalbhanjikas
Seated Buddha, Katra Mound, Mathura
Murals@ Ananatapadmanabha Temple, Kasargod; Rama kills Ravan at Mattancheri palace, Kerala
Later Mural Traditions:
Badamai Caves- 543CE- Patron: Chalukya King Mangalesha- Vishnu Cave- Palace Scenes
Pallavas: murals at Panamalai, Mandagapattu and Kanchipuram
Pandyas: @ Tirumalaipuram and Sittanavasal Caves, TN
Chola: Murals @ Brihadeshwara(Paintings of Shiva in Kailash, as Nataraja, as Tripurantaka) and Nartamalai
Vijayanagara: Paintings @ Tirupurakunran, @Virupaksha(Ramayana and Mahabharata and Vidyaranya) , @ Lepakshi(Dakshinamurty & Ladies attending parvati)
Nayaka: @Tiruparakunram(of Mahavira), Sreerangam, Tiruvarur(Muchukunda) @ Chidambaram( Shiva as Bhikshatamurty, Vishnu as Mohini) - others themes of Ramayana and Mahabharata.
Kerala Murals: paintes inspired from Kathakali and Kalam Ezhuthu- Ramayaan and Mahabharata, Dutch palace, Padmanabhapuram palace, Krishnapuram Palace
Other traditional forms:
Pithoro: Rajasthan and Gujrat
Mithila: Bihar
Warli: Maharashtra
