Doubt Clearance Thread: UPSC 2021
"When in doubt, observe and ask questions. When certain, observe at length and ask many more questions."
Created this thread as a one stop solution for all members so that all the doubts wherein any conceptual clarification is required can be solved here.
The question says whether Parliament's approval is required for revocation of emergency. For proclamation an approval is surely required. But for continuation as you said, and for subsequent revocation too it's not required. I am not 100% sure though. But it makes sense that if parliamen't approval isn't required for continuation, why would it be required to remove it?@AureliusM It needs to be approved by the parliament upon proclamation. However, parliamentary approval for its continuation isn’t required.
Ohh. Okay. Saw it again. Got it. Thanks!!@AureliusM It says once proclaimed, the financial emergency continues without parliamentary approval. Which is not correct, after emergency is proclaimed by the president it needs to be laid before the parliament for approval within 2months. However, my doubt is regarding the third statement
If there is any conflict between the existing privileges of Parliament and the fundamental rights of a citizen, which one shall prevail?
Depends on: 1. which Fundamental Right is claimed to be violated; 2. Who claims violation of Fundamental right.
1. In case of a lay person,not being an MP/MLA/MLC,publishes a malicious report on proceedings of parliament, he cannot claim protection of his FR under A. 19(1)(a). It would be a breach of privilege irrespective of his right under A. 19, andsuch a person may be punished for contempt of the legislature notwithstanding his fundamental right.However, substantially true reports of proceedings in Parliament are constitutionally protected. (A. 361A, I think)
2. In case of MLA, MP, MLC, their right to freedom of speech in Parliament extends beyond the confines of A. 19, and is not limited by reasonable restrictions therein.In such cases, parliamentary privileges prevail.However, if an order of arrest is issued by the Speaker against any member for breach of privilege, and the protections under A. 20 and A.21 are violated, the MP/MLA/MLC can claim infringement of fundamental rights.In such cases, fundamental rights will prevail as against parliamentary privileges. (Raja Ram Paul Case)
If there is any conflict between the existing privileges of Parliament and the fundamental rights of a citizen, which one shall prevail?Depends on: 1. which Fundamental Right is claimed to be violated; 2. Who claims violation of Fundamental right.
1. In case of a lay person,not being an MP/MLA/MLC,publishes a malicious report on proceedings of parliament, he cannot claim protection of his FR under A. 19(1)(a). It would be a breach of privilege irrespective of his right under A. 19, andsuch a person may be punished for contempt of the legislature notwithstanding his fundamental right.However, substantially true reports of proceedings in Parliament are constitutionally protected. (A. 361A, I think)
2. In case of MLA, MP, MLC, their right to freedom of speech in Parliament extends beyond the confines of A. 19, and is not limited by reasonable restrictions therein.In such cases, parliamentary privileges prevail.However, if an order of arrest is issued by the Speaker against any member for breach of privilege, and the protections under A. 20 and A.21 are violated, the MP/MLA/MLC can claim infringement of fundamental rights.In such cases, fundamental rights will prevail as against parliamentary privileges. (Raja Ram Paul Case)
Tum bht mast kaam krta hai patooti bhai
itna achhe se toh laxmikant ne bhi ni samjhaya tha :-D
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Answer with explanation please
One tip for medieval questions-
1. With respect to questions centred around politico-administrative machinery like Iqta system, Amar Nayaka system where a subsidiary unit gets some semblance of power, the status of these units is linked to the power of the King. It will beinversely proportional to the power of the king.
Eg: Iqta system was introduced by Iltutmish. He was a powerful Sultan. The kingdom was prosperous as well. So, Iqtadars were transferred at the whims and fancies of the Sultan.
Likewise, Vijayanagar kings were powerful. So, to assert their powers, they transferred Amar Nayakas at their own discretion.
Let's see a different scenario. During the reign of Feroz Shah Tughlaq, the kingdom was in tatters after the poor governance of his predecessor, Mohd. Bin Tughlaq. So, to appease the subsidiary units and to avoid a possible coup d'etat, he made the Iqta system hereditary. Shows how weak the king is when he is willing to share his power with other groups!
Likewise, Britishers introduced Permanent Settlement to ensure that they continue to assert their power. The Sunset revenue clause meant the land was transferrable and not a hereditary commodity anymore!
This kind of logic will help you answer other questions related to society, polity and economy of medieval dynasties.
Coming to the question now-
1 is correct. 2 is correct because they were indeed given independent territories to govern that explains why rebellious amar nayakas started troubling the successor of Krishna Deva Raya. (Kings became weak, so nayakas asserted power). They acted like feudal lords- got the land tax-free (manyams) and collected the revenue.
3 is also correct as discussed.
Can someone explain how increasing borrowing can lead to high CAD.. Isn't it the other way around - Borrowing is done to finance the deficit ?
Borrowing is done to finance fiscal deficit. Current account deficit increases because more liability is created- outflow of money from India as interest payments.
Can someone explain how increasing borrowing can lead to high CAD.. Isn't it the other way around - Borrowing is done to finance the deficit ?
Borrowing goes to your capital account (receipts), but it does create debt obligations. The interest paid on this capital you borrowed becomes the part of revenue account (expenditure). More borrowings mean higher debt obligations which increases your revenue expenditure, and hence, the CAD!
@mhs11 thanks! CAD and FD got mixed up @AzadHindFauz thanks for the detailed explanation
AzadHindFauz,
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