Doubt Clearance Thread: UPSC 2021
"When in doubt, observe and ask questions. When certain, observe at length and ask many more questions."
Created this thread as a one stop solution for all members so that all the doubts wherein any conceptual clarification is required can be solved here.
The first country to do mars landing .. whether it is USA or USSR ??
It's USSR.
Hope this link will clear your doubt.
https://edition.cnn.com/2013/10/21/world/mars-exploration-fast-facts/index.html
Economy PT365, page-6 (Government Borrowing) : "Rising borrowing will put pressure on the bond market and crowding out resources for pvt sector."
Can anyone explain how rising borrowings by the government will put pressure on bond market.
@Breaker_Morant Higher govt borrowing ->demand increases ->interest rate increases not only for govt but as well as other borrowers ->yield will be affected. Hence pressure on bond market.
Crowding out effect - govt. Borrowing the major chunk of resources, pvt. Sector left out.
Economy PT365, page-6 (Government Borrowing) : "Rising borrowing will put pressure on the bond market and crowding out resources for pvt sector."
Can anyone explain how rising borrowings by the government will put pressure on bond market.
@Breaker_Morant Higher govt borrowing ->demand increases ->interest rate increases not only for govt but as well as other borrowers ->yield will be affected. Hence pressure on bond market.
Crowding out effect - govt. Borrowing the major chunk of resources, pvt. Sector left out.
@Impavid_Girl My thinking was: Interest rates increased ->Higher yield in bond market ->Investors will invest in bonds because higher return ->Development of bond market (notpressure on bond market)
Economy PT365, page-6 (Government Borrowing) : "Rising borrowing will put pressure on the bond market and crowding out resources for pvt sector."
Can anyone explain how rising borrowings by the government will put pressure on bond market.
@Breaker_Morant Higher govt borrowing ->demand increases ->interest rate increases not only for govt but as well as other borrowers ->yield will be affected. Hence pressure on bond market.
Crowding out effect - govt. Borrowing the major chunk of resources, pvt. Sector left out.
@Impavid_Girl My thinking was: Interest rates increased ->Higher yield in bond market ->Investors will invest in bonds because higher return ->Development of bond market (notpressure on bond market)
I think high government borrowing leads to high yielding government bonds which disincentives people to buy non government bonds hence negatively affects the bond market.
Breaker_Morant,
Breaker_Morant,
Asmita_101,- Streams which maintain its path even after the geological upheavals by cutting across the mountains & ridges
- Rivers that existed before the upheaval of the Himalayas and cut their courses southward by making gorges in the mountains are known as antecedent rivers
- E.g., Himalayan rivers: Indus, Ganga, Brahmaputra etc.
- "Streams which maintain its path even after the geological upheavals by cutting across the mountains & ridges"
But Kosi is famous for changing its path. Then how to say as antecedent. Else for MCQ I will just remember it is antecedent and its definition and will move on.
12432TrivendrumRajdhani,
EUROPOL,EUROPOL,@EUROPOL On the examples given, I doubt that Ganga and Brahmaputra are antecedent rivers. It is given in NCERT that earlier there used to be a single river instead of 2, and after some tectonic event (which led to formation of present day Meghalaya plateau region), they split into two rivers Ganga and Brahmaputra, contrary to definition #2. Plus, Ganga and Brahmaputra both have their origins in Himalayan glaciers, so probably they won't fit in either of the two definitions.
Animesh_Maths,@EUROPOL Which book is this? I think there is a dispute in this regard amongst the geographers, because NCERT adopts a different view and perhaps because of this reason, it mentions only Kosi as an antecedent river.
Ganga Brahmputra are certainly antecedent rivers. Prior to the upliftment of Himalayas, the topography and weather pattern of that region would have been drastically different, which may not help us conclusively conclude on the origin of the rivers pre-upliftment.
However, after the Himalayas were formed, due to the changing weather patterns, the glaciers became a well feeding source for the rivers that cut their way through the mountains.
chamomile,EUROPOLGanga Brahmputra are certainly antecedent rivers. Prior to the upliftment of Himalayas, the topography and weather pattern of that region would have been drastically different, which may not help us conclusively conclude on the origin of the rivers pre-upliftment.
However, after the Himalayas were formed, due to the changing weather patterns, the glaciers became a well feeding source for the rivers that cut their way through the mountains.
Please refer page 24, class 11th NCERT Geography (old) -India: Physical Environment.
It states that:
Evolution of the Himalayan Drainage
...However, geologists believe that a mighty river called Shiwalik or Indo-Brahma traversed the entire longitudinal extent of the Himalaya from Assam to Punjab and onwards to Sind, and finally discharged into the Gulf of Sind near lower Punjab during the Miocene period some 5-24 million years ago. ...
(On Next paragraph)
It is opined that in due course of time Indo-Brahma river was dismembered into three main drainage systems: (i) the Indus ... (ii) the Ganga ... (iii). the stretch of the Brahmaputra in Assam ...
(Further continuing) The dismemberment was probably due to the Pliestocene upheaval in the Western Himalayas, including the uplift of the Potwar Plateau (Delhi ridge), which acted as the water divide between the Indus and Ganga drainage systems. Likewise, the down-thrusting of the Malda gap area between the Rajmahal hills and the Meghalaya plateau during the mid-pliestocene period, diverted the Ganga and the Brahmaputra systems to flow towards the Bay of Bengal.
PursuitofHappyness,Animesh_Maths,
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