Differentiate between Freedom and Liberty. Discuss Marx’s notion of freedom.
How the answer moves
The flow snapshot — the routes in, the body, the counter-view and the routes out.
Route 1 terms used interchangeably → Marx gives them a distinct edge → liberty = liberal non-interference (Mill)
Route 2 liberty = freedom from external restraint, negative → Marx prefers “freedom,” deeper and social → real freedom is more than being left alone
liberal liberty: being left alone, Mill → Marx prefers freedom, liberty tied to liberalism → bourgeois liberty partial: isolated individual, civil-political not socio-economic equality, bound up with alienation → Marx’s freedom: not isolation, social, in community → “freedom from necessities,” necessity + alienation reduced → natural needs connect people, common good not a sum → labour as “a liberating activity,” ruined by capitalism → Walicki: unfettered self-realisation, fewer constraints + positive conditions → conditions: abolish private property + wage-labour, shorter labour time
liberal defence: liberty as non-interference + formal equality guards the individual vs Marx’s social freedom as collective and condition-dependent
Route 1 freedom realised collectively → Engels: kingdom of necessity → kingdom of freedom
Route 2 Marx redefines freedom: from non-interference to self-realisation → “free development of each = free development of all”
Model answer
Handwritten, in the form it would be written in the examination hall.
