PYQ Vault · Paper 1 · Indian National Movement
Differentiate Moderate Nationalism from Extremist/ Militant Nationalism in terms of their objectives and means.
How the answer moves
The flow snapshot — the routes in, the body, the counter-view and the routes out.
Flow snapshot — how the answer moves
Intro routes
R1 both Congress phases after 1885, anti-colonial → diverge on objectives (what to demand) + means (how) R2 shared nationalist goal → split over scope of demand and method, not over patriotism
Body flow
Objectives — Moderates → gradual reform inside the colonial frame (representation, councils, rule of law, Home Rule) → trust in British liberalism (Naoroji: justice-loving British, reasonableness of demands) → Extremists reject the faith → Swaraj + national self-respect (Tilak: "Swaraj is my birthright’).
Counter-view
Means — Moderates → petitions, prayers, memorials,
Conclusion routes
constitutional agitation → Extremists → boycott, Swadeshi, national education, passive resistance + cultural / festival energy (Aurobindo: "political mendicancy") Bipan Chandra → Moderate method not mere submissiveness → both phases predecessors of Gandhi's struggle ) R1 parting at the Surat Split, 1907 → over method and pace, not the goal R2 two complementary stages → together built the ground for Gandhian mass politics
Model answer
Handwritten, in the form it would be written in the examination hall.
