Topic: Politics of Representation and Participation
Has the increased participation of the underprivileged in the political process of the developing societies strengthened democracy or created political chaos and conflict? Comment.
Flow snapshot — how the answer movesIntro routesRoute 1 post-1980s democratisation wave → participation central to democracy → underprivileged drawn in → deepening, not decayRoute 2 entry of the excluded…
Explain the impact of electoral systems and cleavages in shaping party systems with reference to developing countries.
Flow snapshot — how the answer movesIntro routesRoute 1 party system = relevant parties (Sartori), not raw count → two shapers: electoral rules + cleavagesRoute 2 electoral design vs social…
“Political parties and pressure groups are sine qua non of democracy.’ Comment.
Flow snapshot — how the answer movesIntro routesRoute 1 democracy = organised choice → parties + pressure groups the two channels that make choice possibleRoute 2 claim restated → both…
Comment on the decline of political parties and examine whether new social movements shall be alternative strategy for establishing link between government and society.
Flow snapshot — how the answer movesIntro routesRoute 1 parties aggregate interests, central to representative democracy → but link between government and society weakeningRoute 2 representative democracy in worldwide decline…
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