PYQ Vault · Paper 2 · Representation & Participation
Comment on the decline of political parties and examine whether new social movements shall be alternative strategy for establishing link between government and society.
How the answer moves
The flow snapshot — the routes in, the body, the counter-view and the routes out.
Flow snapshot — how the answer moves
Intro routes
a parties aggregate interests, central to representative democracy → but link between government and society weakening representative democracy in worldwide decline (Rosenthal) → “post-representative” moment (Racanwvallan = nartiec lacing thair dnvernment—cnpriety linl
Body flow
ee” a a aaa mail signs of party decline (turnout!, membership I, trust I, personalisation, social-media bypass) → India: dynastic + ethnic politics + economic-environmental complexity → traditional channels fall short → NSMs forge alternative link (shape opinion + policy agenda, capture government attention, advisory- committee inclusion) → Section 377 / LGBT movement fills the wan nartiac iaqnnrad Wathari’c “noan—nartyu nonlitical nrnaracc”
Counter-view
an: “ae ee Sage nTnenreyverecentneenewn I UOTRROnremer et I UME eon nn gM gigs net cnno se S nr ny age enetenen mre movements have not displaced parties → limits of direct democracy → parties stay the main agents of interest aggregation and adnvarnmoant farmatian
Conclusion routes
a internet + career activists open popular space → movements supplement, not substitute, parties NSMs are a real but partial link → they complement parties in connecting government and society
Model answer
Handwritten, in the form it would be written in the examination hall.
