Mains 2021 Result declared - In or Out?

The answer lies in genetics. Romila Thapar's recent book is called which of us are Aryans, which heavily uses the genetic studies conducted at Rakhigarhi (the final study however was unpublished at the time).

I'll share the findings of both the book and the study

1. The Rakhigarhi skeletons did not display any DNA similarity with central Asian, west Asian or any other region claiming to be Aryan homeland.

This was interpreted as a win by both sides🤣. Those who deny the Aryan invasion ( migration is the wider accepted term now btw) said this definitively proves that there was no influx from outside in India while those favouring Aryan influx theory say it proves that the Aryans came later and links them to the vedic civilization ( Thapar's book is basically a work to delegitimize the claims of cultural nationalism that privileges vedic culture as real Indian culture and presents later migrants- Turks, Europeans and those who came before them as outsiders. While the premise is correct, the book ends up focussing too much on the contemporary political narrative around hindutva and ultimately ends up doing something much more sinister- a return to Aryan Identity chauvinism/isolation)

2. The Rakhigarhi skeletons show chromosomal similarity to West Iranians population, however this link precedes the rise of neolithic and agrarian civilizations in Iran, basically the genetic group split before the advent of agriculture and agriculture therefore can be said to have developed independently in India, no role of Aryans or Iranians or any other outsider group in that.

3. Thapar's book and a few articles claim that the author of the Rakhigarhi skeletons study was afraid of the implications of publishing the comparison of DNA of Rakhigarhi V/s that of later north Indians( presumably Aryan) which could have a evoked a backlash from fringe groups, so his study publishes the result partially ( comparisons with post Harappan civilisations are skipped, Thapar however fills this Gap in her book)

4. Now here's the tricky part. Thapar in her attempt to delegitimize the hindutva narrative tries to show the racial distinction not just between north and south India, but also between caste groups.

*North vs South* - considerable genetic differences, one of the key traits is that the ability of North Indians to better digest cow's milk is inherited from a European/central Asian genetic group. The south Indians today (Dravidians as per Aryan Theory) have greater genetic proximity to Harappans(Rakhigarhi skeletons) than the North Indians of today. 

*Caste-Race overlap* the north Indians also lack a coherent genetic pool. Brahmins of North India and Jats of North India have distinct genetic proximity to european groups of today( Aryan linkage) than other communities of North India.

This again can be seen to be a result of caste endogamy, and the likely tribal endogamy that preceded it. To this day we can say that Brahmins and Jats are the most conscious social groups when it comes to endogamy so this theory certainly tracks. Rajputs/Kshatriyas have not been included in this Aryan linkage as far as I know, for various reasons.

 While the science so far again is solid, the implications it produces may buttress the theory of racial classification of mankind in future. While total racial purity is unlikely to have been maintained, the degree of racial purity(coherence/proximity) is being used as a standard by scholars in contemporary India ( mind you the use of genetic evidence is new territory for indian historians but one with exciting possibilities and so Thapar's work I believe hasn't been given the due importance it deserves).

The problematic thing for me is the linking of racial groups and contemporary political narratives. In the earlier chapters of her book, A scholar M. Witzel charts the probable course of Aryan migration into India, and links their journey to emergence of distinct civilizations. They also try to shift the locus of vedic beliefs towards north west and away from India.

But this leaves us uncomfortably close to the idea of V.C. Gordon about the existence of a master race that was responsible for rise of civilizations. Brahmins, Jats, Rajputs( so called upper castes) continue to be the dominant social groups to this day. After a thorough rebuttal of racial sciences in the aftermath of Hitler's war, I sense we're moving back towards it. I sense it was acceptable to Thapar in order to bring Hindutva closer to Nazism. The data is already there for appropriation, racial science is entering political narrative again, and can either be used for or against specific racial groups. 

What's written above is from an academic stand point and heavily imbued with my personal biases. I claim no laurels of rationality and neutrality although I've tried to stick to them by my own standards. Hope you people find this interesting

Even if aryans invaded or not they r as Indian as someone else. Many tribes in North-East migrated to present location in last 1000 years. So can we call them as invaders or outsiders?

For how much year one should live in a region to b called as native? The same authors who r spending day n night to prove north indians nd upper caste as outsiders will try to prove how much Indian Turks and Mughals are.

The so much interest in Aryan invasion theory is nothing but deep sense of hatred aginst indian culture among few intellectuals. The urge to gain western appreciatiom has forced such people to claim India is nothing but a backward country nd a foreign culture has been imposed on it since vedic civilization.

Since you've chosen to selectively quote Ambedkar, I urge you to read this book.

http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00ambedkar/ambedkar_partition/

Particularly chapter 10 where he explains the truth about the secular people. All of that remains true till date.

The bulk of this amount of Rs. 52 crores which is spent on the Army … is contributed by the Hindu Provinces and is spent on an Army which for the most part consists of non-Hindus! How many Hindus are aware of this tragedy? How many know at whose cost this tragedy is being enacted? Today the Hindus are not responsible for it because they cannot prevent it. The question is whether they will allow this tragedy to continue.

B.R Ambedkar.

He also wanted uniform civil code, hindi to be the official language and he only trusted a hindu army will keep democracy in India.

I get it. 

For more fruitful discussion we should abuse Hinduism, call people bhakt, post YouTube videos trashing Hinduism by some random guys, hail communism and socialism. These things are really important for mains.

But in all seriousness, these things are really important for mains because your papers will be checked by commies. You know, the people that every developed and sane country calls retards but we call intellectuals.

Yaar Maine jo likha usme bhi trigger ho gaye 😹😹😸

😂

Yr cricket ka discussion start karwao . Kafi kuch discuss ho skta h , Virat Kohli se leke Rohit Sharma tak 😂

🙄🙄

Ganguly sits in selection committee meetings which is in violation of BCCI rules. 

Meeting m selectors ko yahi bolta hoga  "aap apne dada ko bhule toh nahi" 

https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/ganguly-oversteps-crease-rules-sit-selection-meetings-7800038/

Haa ye last month bhi aaya tha news m .

Kohli ke jaane k baad se media m Ganguly ki kaafi news aane lagi h.

in anthro, which topper notes are best?

for relying for whole syllabus