PYQ Vault · Paper 1 · Western Political Thought

Comment on the Locke’s Social Contract in 150 words.

How the answer moves

The flow snapshot — the routes in, the body, the counter-view and the routes out.

Flow snapshot — how the answer moves
Intro routes
contract argues for limited, consent-based government, not absolute power men quit a moral state of nature (freedom /equality under natural law, not Hobbes's war) only for its inconveniences
Body flow
state of nature + inconveniences (no settled law / no impartial judge / weak enforcement) → chief end = life, liberty, property → distinctive two-stage split of society and government → unanimous community, then government as trustee → society prior to government, delegated power only → limited surrender (legislate / execute / judge) with natural rights retained → consent (express / tacit), unanimity then majority rule
Counter-view
Hobbes's single-stage contract → absolute sovereignty, against Locke's consent- based, revocable trust (Waldron: rights held as trust cannot pass to arbitrary power → absolutism ruled out)
Conclusion routes
government a conditional fiduciary trust; breach dissolves the government, not society contract becomes the foundation of constitutional, accountable, limited rule

Model answer

Handwritten, in the form it would be written in the examination hall.

Handwritten model answer — UPSC PSIR 2022, Western Political Thought