Analyze the Marxist perspective of the nature of Indian National Movement.
How the answer moves
The flow snapshot — the routes in, the body, the counter-view and the routes out.
Route 1 nationalism within colonial capitalism → not a pure patriotic awakening
Route 2 class–capitalism–imperialism lens → Congress read as a class formation
Roy: the bourgeoisie initiates, only workers revolutionary → Dutt: Congress as a British tool, then bourgeois-led, Gandhi as ‘mascot’ → Desai: phasing the movement by its changing class base
Chandra & Sarkar revise the crude reduction → Gramsci, hegemony → Gandhian non-violence as strategic mass politics, not pacification
Route 1 valuable for its class analysis, insufficient alone
Route 2 the strand matured from a crude class lens into a layered analysis of ideology and hegemony
Model answer
Handwritten, in the form it would be written in the examination hall.
