How the answer moves
The flow snapshot — the routes in, the body, the counter-view and the routes out.
Route 1 fair chances to develop ability + compete → liberal idea of initial conditions, not outcomes → level playing field
Route 2 equality of opportunity = non-discrimination in access → but meaning splits between formal and substantive
competitive form: equal start → positions by ability → meritocracy, unequal outcomes accepted if fair → limit: assumes level field where none exists → Roemer’s non-discrimination vs level-playing-field principle → non-competitive form linked with justice → Rawls (fair equality of opportunity + difference principle) → Sen (equal resources ≠ real access)
competitive meritocracy treats fair competition as enough vs justice-based view that unequal starting conditions must be corrected first
Route 1 real equality of opportunity must remove social, economic and cultural barriers
Route 2 move from equal rules to fair conditions; opportunity completed only when access is substantive
Model answer
Handwritten, in the form it would be written in the examination hall.
Also asked on this head
Equality — 13 questions in the Vault.
- What is capability approach? Elaborate the distinctive features of the capability theory of equality.
- The freedom of the pike is death to the minnows. (150 words)
- Write a note on the relation between equality and
How this is taught
The same flow snapshot, built for every head of the syllabus, with the answer written in class.
The first session of Foundation 2027 is published in full.
Six programmes across three levels.