PYQ Vault · Paper 2 · India & South Asia — Part 2
Discuss the consequences of illegal cross-border migration in India’s north-eastern region.
How the answer moves
The flow snapshot — the routes in, the body, the counter-view and the routes out.
Flow snapshot — how the answer moves
Intro routes
R1 consequence is political, not demographic — eight states, some 220 ethnic groups — who belongs stays permanently open — nation-building carries the cost Rr2 migrants share language and ethnicity — identification hard — belonging becomes the region’s open question — the cost is political, not demographic
Body flow
identification hard — land and jobs → ethnic conflict + Weiner, sons-of-the-soil — AASU agitation — Assam Accord 1985 – NRC Tripura tribes a minority — cut-off keeps moving: 1971 — 2014 CAA — 2024 Exemption Order — AASU reads Accord displaced — forged voter cards — elites mobilise feeling against migrants — security costs: militants among migrants, trafficking, Myanmar frontier — FMR gone, fencing begun — hill communities split by the line oppose it remedy breeds grievance — detection outruns due process — 1950 Act, DC decides in ten days, Tribunals bypassed — Supreme Court stays, 2026, fair determination — Murshid: pushbacks and Dhaka reset as one policy at two levels
Counter-view
Baruah locates it differently — Northeast as a frontier shaped by migration and settlement — detection alone cannot settle belonging
Conclusion routes
Rk! four decades on > migrants remain — question open Rk2 remedy breeds grievance — detection outruns due process — belonging still unsettled
Model answer
Handwritten, in the form it would be written in the examination hall.
