PYQ Vault · Paper 1 · Theories of the State

Discuss the Feminist theory of the State.

How the answer moves

The flow snapshot — the routes in, the body, the counter-view and the routes out.

Flow snapshot — how the answer moves
Intro routes

Route 1 state is no neutral arbiter male power built into law, bureaucracy, welfare

Route 2 “personal is political” (Hanisch) public-private divide broken

Body flow

liberal: state reformable (Wollstonecraft) “too institutional” critique Marxist: oppression tied to capital + domestic labour (Engels) radical: patriarchal in structure sexual contract (Pateman) state is male, law sees women as men do (MacKinnon) public-private split hides domination

Counter-view

universalising all states as patriarchal risks essentialism variation across class, race, caste

Conclusion routes

Route 1 state not gender-neutral formal equality insufficient

Route 2 neither enemy nor saviour gendered terrain of struggle

Model answer

Handwritten, in the form it would be written in the examination hall.

Handwritten model answer — UPSC PSIR 2016, Theories of the State