PYQ Vault · Paper 2 · Contemporary Global Concerns — II

Discuss the importance of personal data protection in the context of human rights.

How the answer moves

The flow snapshot — the routes in, the body, the counter-view and the routes out.

Flow snapshot — how the answer moves
Intro routes

Route 1 data protection seen as technical/commercial actually a defence of privacy UDHR + Puttaswamy into Article 21

Route 2 privacy a recognised right in a data-driven world exercised through control of personal data protect data to protect the right

Body flow

data-driven world, data shapes choices/elections (Cambridge Analytica) control of data = control of choices surveillance curbs free expression (Snowden/NSA, China) profiling + breaches enable discrimination (race/sex/religion, Equifax) rights above market/profit (Dworkin — “rights are trumps”) GDPR + DPDP Act 2023 give legal form

Counter-view

developing countries lack comprehensive law citizens exposed to multinational exploitation right recognised in principle, unevenly realised

Conclusion routes

Route 1 data protection and rights organically linked strong law a prerequisite for rights in digital globalisation

Route 2 privacy the gateway to freedom, dignity, equality without data protection these rights turn insecure

Model answer

Handwritten, in the form it would be written in the examination hall.

Handwritten model answer — UPSC PSIR 2019, Contemporary Global Concerns — II