Illustrate with examples how political parties in India have played a crucial role in drawing the historically disadvantaged groups into the mainstream political system.
Flow snapshot — how the answer movesIntro routesRoute 1 parties as central institution → aggregate demands → convert into representation/office → Jaffrelot “silent revolution”Route 2 excluded groups + adult franchise…
Comment on the emergence of Backward classes in the Indian Politics.
Flow snapshot — how the answer movesIntro routesRoute 1 Backward Class rise = Kothari’s “politicisation of caste” → social presence turned into bargaining powerRoute 2 emergence read as democratic upsurge…
State subvention/funding may be an effective instrument in strengthening electoral democracy in India.
Flow snapshot — how the answer movesIntro routesRoute 1 money power central to Indian elections → EC unable to fully check spending → state funding proposed as remedyRoute 2 fair…
Political personalities are more significant than political parties in India.
Flow snapshot — how the answer movesIntro routesRoute 1 personality runs through Indian politics, Nehru → Indira → Modi → claim has a real basisRoute 2 leaders drive electoral waves…
The changing socio-economic profile of our legislators does not augur well for the health of Indian democracy. Comment.
Flow snapshot — how the answer movesIntro routesRoute 1 Burke’s microcosm = the yardstick → judge the change against it → verdict: social gain, economic-criminal dangerRoute 2 “does not augur…
Development has overshadowed the influence of caste in electoral behaviour in recent elections. Discuss.
Flow snapshot — how the answer movesIntro routesRoute 1 recent verdicts fought on vikas, welfare, leadership, security → claim: development has replaced casteRoute 2 Indian vote never single-factor → caste…
To what extent has the inadequate intra-party democracy affected the functioning of Indian democracy?
Flow snapshot — how the answer movesIntro routesRoute 1 parties = core of representation & governance → intra-party democracy = transparency / participation / accountability → its absence turns the…
The role of the President of India becomes more
Flow snapshot — how the answer movesIntro routesRoute 1 clear majority → formation settled → President’s part largely formalRoute 2 coalition era since 1989 → no clear mandates → President’s…
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