PYQ Vault · Paper 1 · Party System & Electoral Politics
Comment on the emergence of Backward classes in the Indian Politics.
How the answer moves
The flow snapshot — the routes in, the body, the counter-view and the routes out.
Flow snapshot — how the answer moves
Intro routes
_—-X!' |: Backward Class rise = Kothari's “politicisation of caste” → social presence turned into bargaining power R2 emergence read as democratic upsurge → representation widens, but unevenly
Body flow
socio-economic roots: zamindari abolition + Green Revolution → intermediate peasant castes → Rudolph “bullock capitalists” → two channels: Charan Singh kisan politics / Lohia quota politics → Karpoori Thakur, Janata Dal → Mandal 27% → V.P. Singh 1990 → Jaffrelot “silent revolution” (leaders from own milieu)
Counter-view
OBCs not cohesive → Yadav dominance vs MBC exclusion → Hindu nationalism as competing identity → BJP social engineering absorbs non-dominant OBCs
Conclusion routes
8! ~Kaviraj: hierarchy of castes → “democracy of castes” R2 | representation widened, justice still pending
Model answer
Handwritten, in the form it would be written in the examination hall.
