Comment on the emergence of Backward classes in the Indian Politics.
How the answer moves
The flow snapshot — the routes in, the body, the counter-view and the routes out.
Route 1 Backward Class rise = Kothari’s “politicisation of caste” → social presence turned into bargaining power
Route 2 emergence read as democratic upsurge → representation widens, but unevenly
socio-economic roots: zamindari abolition + Green Revolution → intermediate peasant castes → Rudolph “bullock capitalists” → two channels: Charan Singh kisan politics / Lohia quota politics → Karpoori Thakur, Janata Dal → Mandal 27% → V.P. Singh 1990 → Jaffrelot “silent revolution” (leaders from own milieu)
OBCs not cohesive → Yadav dominance vs MBC exclusion → Hindu nationalism as competing identity → BJP social engineering absorbs non-dominant OBCs
Route 1 Kaviraj: hierarchy of castes → “democracy of castes”
Route 2 representation widened, justice still pending
Model answer
Handwritten, in the form it would be written in the examination hall.
Also asked on this head
Party System — 12 questions in the Vault.
- Illustrate with examples how political parties in India have played a crucial role in drawing the historically disadvantaged groups into the mainstream political system.
- The decision to conduct Population Census-2027 has
- The decade 1989-1999 has created an epochal shift in the Indian party system at the national level. Identify the major national trends in the party system...
How this is taught
The same flow snapshot, built for every head of the syllabus, with the answer written in class.
The first session of Foundation 2027 is published in full.
Six programmes across three levels.