Doubt Clearance Thread: UPSC 2021
"When in doubt, observe and ask questions. When certain, observe at length and ask many more questions."
Created this thread as a one stop solution for all members so that all the doubts wherein any conceptual clarification is required can be solved here.
QUESTION 22.
The boundary between Indian and the Antarctic plate is marked by oceanic ridge. What type of plate boundary makes it possible?
a) Continent-Continent convergence
b) Continent-Oceanic convergence
c) Continent-Oceanic divergence
d) Oceanic-Oceanic divergence
Correct Answer:D
this could be an elementary question, but could someone explain why the answer should be D and not C instead?
since, the India-Australia plate is a continental plate and the Antarctic plate is an oceanic plate, should not the plate boundary be continent-ocean divergence instead?
Isn’t the answer C?
Ah, if isn't one of the greats of the community!
Its a question from an IASbaba test, I thought it should be C too, the explanation too was directly lifted the NCERT, doesn't help either
The Indian plate includes Peninsular India and the Australian continental portions. The subduction zone along the Himalayas forms the northern plate boundary in the form ofcontinent— continent convergence. In the east, it extends through Rakinyoma Mountains of Myanmar towards the island arc along the Java Trench. The eastern margin is a spreading site lying to the east of Australia in the form of an oceanic ridge in SW Pacific. The Western margin follows Kirthar Mountain of Pakistan. It further extends along the Makrana coast and joins the spreading site from the Red Sea rift south-eastward along the Chagos Archipelago.
The boundary between Indian and the Antarctic plate is alsomarked by oceanic ridge (divergent boundary)running in roughly W-E direction and merging into the spreading site, a little south of New Zealand.
QUESTION 22.
The boundary between Indian and the Antarctic plate is marked by oceanic ridge. What type of plate boundary makes it possible?
a) Continent-Continent convergence
b) Continent-Oceanic convergence
c) Continent-Oceanic divergence
d) Oceanic-Oceanic divergence
Correct Answer:D
this could be an elementary question, but could someone explain why the answer should be D and not C instead?
since, the India-Australia plate is a continental plate and the Antarctic plate is an oceanic plate, should not the plate boundary be continent-ocean divergence instead?
Based on my understanding, divergent boundaries are almost always either oceanic-oceanic or continental-continental. In very simple, non-technical language, it is because divergence occurs when a single plate starts breaking up due to force from underneath. Once this process is complete over the course of 100s, maybe 1000s of years, you have two different plates on either side. But they are both the same kind of plate (either both oceanic or both continental) as the source is the same.
Further, mid-oceanic ridges are formed at the divergent boundaries between oceanic plates (that's why they're called mid-oceanic).
Also plates are usually mixed. For instance, the Indian plate is majorly continental but it has oceanic parts too. So it is possible that the oceanic ridge between the Indian and Antarctic plate lies in the part where both plates are oceanic.
crikeymate,Patootie
QUESTION 22.
The boundary between Indian and the Antarctic plate is marked by oceanic ridge. What type of plate boundary makes it possible?
a) Continent-Continent convergence
b) Continent-Oceanic convergence
c) Continent-Oceanic divergence
d) Oceanic-Oceanic divergence
Correct Answer:D
this could be an elementary question, but could someone explain why the answer should be D and not C instead?
since, the India-Australia plate is a continental plate and the Antarctic plate is an oceanic plate, should not the plate boundary be continent-ocean divergence instead?
Oceanic ridges are formed because of divergent boundaries. That;s why we see new rocks being formed. Thats my basis to answer. But we can also imagine as Indian plate moving North towards Eurasian plate(forming himalayas)....so moving away from any plate under it (Antarctic plate).
crikeymate,Patootieregarding why its D and not C...i think we shouldn't worry about if its named as a continental plate or oceanic plate. If we see the map, its "Oceanic" crust where the ridges are formed.....divergent or convergent... You can refer to a tectonic plate map in any standard atlas...its oceanic crust. Or the question framed might be wrong/ambiguous.QUESTION 22.
The boundary between Indian and the Antarctic plate is marked by oceanic ridge. What type of plate boundary makes it possible?
a) Continent-Continent convergence
b) Continent-Oceanic convergence
c) Continent-Oceanic divergence
d) Oceanic-Oceanic divergence
Correct Answer:D
this could be an elementary question, but could someone explain why the answer should be D and not C instead?
since, the India-Australia plate is a continental plate and the Antarctic plate is an oceanic plate, should not the plate boundary be continent-ocean divergence instead?
crikeymate,Patootie
Celeborn,regarding why its D and not C...i think we shouldn't worry about if its named as a continental plate or oceanic plate. If we see the map, its "Oceanic" crust where the ridges are formed.....divergent or convergent... You can refer to a tectonic plate map in any standard atlas...its oceanic crust. Or the question framed might be wrong/ambiguous.QUESTION 22.
The boundary between Indian and the Antarctic plate is marked by oceanic ridge. What type of plate boundary makes it possible?
a) Continent-Continent convergence
b) Continent-Oceanic convergence
c) Continent-Oceanic divergence
d) Oceanic-Oceanic divergence
Correct Answer:D
this could be an elementary question, but could someone explain why the answer should be D and not C instead?
since, the India-Australia plate is a continental plate and the Antarctic plate is an oceanic plate, should not the plate boundary be continent-ocean divergence instead?
I thinkCeleborn'sexplanation clears things up. Thank you so much!
so as per your belief virus can not be cultured in synthetic media, as it lacks basic organs, in 2016 UPSC asked same type of question@sunnyleony that's just research. UPSC doesn't expect you to know research level biology. Rather they expect you to know basic biology where we read mitochondrial disease are transferred by mother only. Its very basic biology. People referring to research papers for basic biology answers have got it all wrong. The paper is called general studies for a reason.PS. I have masters in biotechnology. The answer is c. Believe it if you want. Kindly don't tag further.
Obviously virus cannot be cultured in a synthetic medium. They lack the basic cellular machinery which is required for culturing. When we culture virus in vitro some kind of biological host is required but you can't simply put a virus on nutrient agar medium and expect it to grow. Its impossible.
Thanks@Celeborn and@MachineGunJoe for clarifying. I’m quite poor at Geography :P
@crikeymate , happy to have misled you. :D
getting 96
considering
mitocondria (c) wrong
virus (a) wrong
state (b) wrong
concentration of wealth (d) wrong
sutlej (d) wrong
1935 act (d) wrong
all your answers except one are wrong and your score is set to increase by 2.66 if everything else goes well. Viruses cant be cultured synthetially. synthetic medium means non living things like chemicals. Culturing virus at lab doesnt mean we are culturing them synthetially becoz even there they are cultured in living cells. india being able to culture uk strain is shown left and right by worshippers of option D. Actually if we read it well they also cultured it in living cells. So its a. fyi I marked D but after researching and studying about it I am convinced A is correct option.
@Asmita_101 whats correct is correct. upsc also doesnt expect us to go visit chandraketu garh and see if there is teracotta or not. mitochondrial diseases are transmitted by nuclear dna mutations too. while fathers cannot transmit mitochondrial dna, they sure can transmit nuclear dna. your reasoning that upsc doesnt expect us to read biology is pretty much irrational and unnaturally flawed . Going along your argument upsc should have not asked about structural details of retroviruses and adenoviruses in such depth which may have saved 2.66 marks of mine :)btw have a look at this govt. website Mitochondrial diseases - PubMed (nih.gov) thats not research but medically accepted definition of mitochondrial diseases
Neither do I want your seal of approval on what I know nor do I care. Kindly don't tag me any further as I mentioned in my comment.
@Asmita_101 whats correct is correct. upsc also doesnt expect us to go visit chandraketu garh and see if there is teracotta or not. mitochondrial diseases are transmitted by nuclear dna mutations too. while fathers cannot transmit mitochondrial dna, they sure can transmit nuclear dna. your reasoning that upsc doesnt expect us to read biology is pretty much irrational and unnaturally flawed . Going along your argument upsc should have not asked about structural details of retroviruses and adenoviruses in such depth which may have saved 2.66 marks of mine :)btw have a look at this govt. website Mitochondrial diseases - PubMed (nih.gov) thats not research but medically accepted definition of mitochondrial diseases
https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/three-parents-one-baby-human-fertilisation-and-embryology-authority-uk-4434171/lite/
And kindly refer to this article from where both the statements of the question are lifted. And next time before calling others irrational and flawed get your facts straight.
what are the pros and cons of a single GST rate ?
Cons:
- single rate will be against the notion of progressive taxation.
- As luxury and common items will be taxed at same rate. so this will further aggravate inequalities.
- Revenue loss too as rate has to be moderate if it is common for all items, while in case of slabs higher tax rate(subsequently higher revenue) can be imposed.
Pros - Ease of doing business
- tax simplification
- low cost of compliance
- may increase firms in formal sector as various avoid formalization due to complicated rules and tax compliance.
- Can help in reducing illegal trade of certain items due to differental tax [items not covered under GST as of now]
D503,Cons:
- single rate will be against the notion of progressive taxation.
- As luxury and common items will be taxed at same rate. so this will further aggravate inequalities.
- Revenue loss too as rate has to be moderate if it is common for all items, while in case of slabs higher tax rate(subsequently higher revenue) can be imposed.
Pros- Ease of doing business
- tax simplification
- low cost of compliance
- may increase firms in formal sector as various avoid formalization due to complicated rules and tax compliance.
- Can help in reducing illegal trade of certain items due to differental tax [items not covered under GST as of now]
Points noted. Thanks
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