PYQ Vault · Paper 1 · Political Ideologies
Comment on Liberalism as a revolutionary idea. [150 words]
How the answer moves
The flow snapshot — the routes in, the body, the counter-view and the routes out.
Flow snapshot — how the answer moves
Intro routes
R1 Liberalism born in crisis of feudalism — not reform but replacement of political foundations G) Liberal ideas entered history as challenge to entire inherited order — birth, status, divine right
Body flow
Feudalism + absolutism as target → Locke: natural rights, consent, limited government → individual replaces king as unit of politics → Glorious Revolution, American Revolution, French Revolution as proof → economic transformation: free market breaks feudal restrictions → political transformation: constitutionalism, civil rights, representation replace monarchy
Counter-view
) Marx: liberalism revolutionary only in dismantling feudalism; once capitalism secured, it turned into ideology defending new privilege
Conclusion routes
G@) Revolutionary at origin, conservative in maturity — ideas outlasted the impulse R1 Its lasting contribution: it made individual rights the permanent grammar of modern politics
Model answer
Handwritten, in the form it would be written in the examination hall.
