Route 1 Ideology as a system of ideas → centrally about who rules, by what authority, in whose interest → power is its organizing question

Route 2 Freeden: ideologies as “maps of the political landscape” → every map must first locate power → allocation + utilization are the map’s two axes

Four ideological positions each as a power-project → Liberalism (allocates power to individual + limited state) → Socialism (shifts power from private capital to society) → Marxism (exposes class domination as the real site of power) → Feminism (extends power to the private sphere, patriarchy as a power-structure) → Gramsci: coercion alone insufficient, hegemony makes power “common sense” → Foucault: power dispersed through discourse and surveillance, not reducible to the state

Ideology is not only about power — it also addresses moral values, rights, justice, and human dignity; Arendt: power is the human ability “to act in concert,” not merely domination; ideologies are also moral vocabularies, not just power-manuals

Route 1 Statement is substantially true but partial — ideologies diagnose, morally judge, and propose redistribution of power; the moral dimension completes the power-question, not replaces it

Route 2 Ideologies are power-projects anchored in values — they cannot be reduced to power alone, but every enduring ideology must settle the power question first