PYQ Vault · Paper 1 · Political Ideologies
“The Political ideology of Globalization is Neo-liberalism: Comment.
How the answer moves
The flow snapshot — the routes in, the body, the counter-view and the routes out.
Flow snapshot — how the answer moves
Intro routes
R1 Globalization not ideologically neutral — neoliberalism became its dominant logic since 1970s → statement substantially correct Define neoliberalism as revival of classical liberalism — free markets, minimal state, deregulation → sets up its alignment with globalization
Body flow
Intellectual foundations: Hayek / Friedman / Nozick → Washington Consensus → WTO, IMF, World Bank institutional architecture → market fundamentalism → costs: inequality, erosion of welfare, state autonomy reduced → 2008 crisis as moment of exposure
Counter-view
Polanyi: markets require state power, not natural → Stiglitz / Rodrik / Woods: globalization and neoliberalism are separable; other ideological frameworks possible → neoliberalism was a political choice, not structural necessity
Conclusion routes
R1 Statement describes historical reality of 1980-2008; not a permanent structural truth; neoliberal hegemony now contested Globalization is the economic channel; neoliberalism won it ideologically — but post-2008 backlash shows the alignment is breaking
Model answer
Handwritten, in the form it would be written in the examination hall.
