PYQ Vault · Paper 1 · Political Ideologies

Marxism is a political theory of action demanding strict compliance with its core principles. Comment.

How the answer moves

The flow snapshot — the routes in, the body, the counter-view and the routes out.

Flow snapshot — how the answer moves
Intro routes
@) Marxism as praxis: theory must change the world → scientific self-image creates logic of compliance @) Historical materialism + class struggle —. deviation = betrayal of revolutionary project
Body flow
Lenin formalizes compliance: vanguard party, democratic centralism → strict discipline necessary — dictatorship of party, not proletariat
Counter-view
Luxemburg: spontaneous mass action vs. bureaucratic centralism Popper: closed unfalsifiable system Arendt: doctrinal rigidity feeds totalitarianism
Conclusion routes
R1 Later traditions (Gramsci, Marcuse, Frankfurt School) open the framework — compliance belongs to one strand, not the whole tradition © Marxism remains theory of action — but emancipation, not orthodoxy, is its core demand

Model answer

Handwritten, in the form it would be written in the examination hall.

Handwritten model answer — UPSC PSIR 2024, Political Ideologies