PYQ Vault · Paper 2 · State in Comparative Perspective
Describe the changing nature of the State in the developing societies in the context of inclusive growth in the 21st century.
How the answer moves
The flow snapshot — the routes in, the body, the counter-view and the routes out.
Flow snapshot — how the answer moves
Intro routes
Rr! developing State = apparatus inherited from colonial rule → early form concentrated growth, ill-suited to inclusion R2 nature has since shifted → from a structure that monopolised development → to one built for inclusive growth
Body flow
Myrdal's soft state: no social discipline, spares the rich → non-inclusive → Riggs’s prismatic society / bazaar-canteen favours the wealthy, family-community monopolise development → Alavi's overdeveloped state atop a transitional socio- economic base → shift from state-led development —. market reforms (India’s mixed-market model; China's capitalist economy under a socialist polity) → globalization aggravates inequality (99% vs 1%, social unrest) → 21st-century inclusion turn: participative culture, ICT / JAM-Jan Dhan; RTI strengthens the political arena; welfare + affirmative action → structural change → developmental- state debate: inclusive growth rests on state capacity to penetrate society (East Asia)
Counter-view
market-led globalization deepened inequality; the soft / overdeveloped state’s incapacity to discipline elites limits how far the inclusion turn can reach
Conclusion routes
aa ®&! nature moved from a soft, elite-shielding apparatus → an active enabler of inclusion R2 the inclusion turn is real but conditional → holds only where the State can discipline the powerful / build developmental capacity
Model answer
Handwritten, in the form it would be written in the examination hall.
