PYQ Vault · Paper 2 · India & South Asia — Part 1
Write a brief analysis of the ethnic conflicts and cross- border migrations along India-Myanmar and India- Bangladesh borders.
How the answer moves
The flow snapshot — the routes in, the body, the counter-view and the routes out.
Flow snapshot — how the answer moves
Intro routes
Ee I Ie NT RT ee a TE OE EY I eS Se ON IO eS A Te oC et ae TE ee eee nee eS Bangladesh side = settlement — poverty / floods / 1971 → 30-40 million — Tripura’s demography — shared language hides the migrant — contest over land, jobs, cultural dominance — AASU — Assam Accord 1985 —» NRC — Myanmar side = insurgency + refuge — NSCN-K through the same porousness — Feb 2021 coup — refugees into Mizoram — Rohingyas as the joint between the two borders — statelessness 1974 / 1982 — treated as Bangladeshi immigrants — UN eee ee) pe ee
Body flow
et OE RE SES LS Gee BRAS OES hardening the line has a real case → fencing + scrapped FMR — trafficking, forged voter cards, ISI support — but the ethnic conflict predates the migration — Ross Mallick, colonial state with new rulers — 220 ethnic groups in one administrative frame — separatism ee ae
Counter-view
R1 Ghoshal — dormancy or militancy turns on state capacity to accommodate — fencing buys time, accommodation buys settlement R2 flow follows growth asymmetry — control alone cannot hold the line — work permits + development + Gujral Doctrine on root causes
Model answer
Handwritten, in the form it would be written in the examination hall.
