How the answer moves
The flow snapshot — the routes in, the body, the counter-view and the routes out.
Flow snapshot — how the answer moves
Intro routes
R1 HR born after WWII / Holocaust → states destroyed their own people → individual placed at the centre, duties assigned to states R2 HR are claims held simply because we are human → their enjoyment depends on those holding coercive power → implementation targets state conduct
Body flow
state as primary duty-bearer → respect / protect / fulfil (Annan) → legal incorporation, independent judiciary, accountability → sovereignty reshaped: "absolute control" → “sovereignty as responsibility" → R2P bars sovereignty as a shield
Counter-view
changing state conduct alone is insufficient → civil society / Amnesty / HRW pressure → Sen: a living culture of rights, awareness
Conclusion routes
R1 largely but not only about changing state conduct → must become a living culture, not a declaration R2 states discipline rights, society sustains them → formal compliance stays hollow without a rights-conscious public
Model answer
Handwritten, in the form it would be written in the examination hall.
