The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) has failed to achieve the ultimate objective of Global Nuclear Disarmament. Discuss the deficiency in provision of NPT.
How the answer moves
The flow snapshot — the routes in, the body, the counter-view and the routes out.
Route 1 NPT’s twin aim: non-proliferation + disarmament → arsenals never fell → fault sits in the provisions
Route 2 treaty designed to freeze proliferation, not remove arsenals → disarmament unmet by design
unequal bargain → NWS (pre-1967) vs NNWS split → have-nots forgo weapons + accept IAEA safeguards; NWS only pledge “gradual disarmament” (Article VI) → Article VI = “good faith,” no timeframe / target / penalty, no duty to destroy → Jaswant Singh “nuclear apartheid” → blocks new entrants but permits vertical proliferation → SIPRI: all nine modernising, several expanding, fresh arms race → enforcement thin (North Korea’s withdrawal + 2006 test) → 1995 indefinite extension entrenched the format → 2022 RevCon collapsed, second in a row, over unmet disarmament → non-nuclear states push TPNW into force (2021), no-confidence in Article VI
NPT did curb horizontal proliferation, near-universal (191 parties) → deficiency lies in the disarmament pillar, not the whole treaty
Route 1 fails by design: asks the strong to disarm with no deadline or sanction
Route 2 remedy: a universal, verifiable framework with a fixed timeframe (Nuclear Weapons Convention)
Model answer
Handwritten, in the form it would be written in the examination hall.
Also asked on this head
India and the Nuclear Question — 8 questions in the Vault.
- Critically examine India’s persistent refusal to sign the nuclear non-proliferation treaty (NPT) despite being recognized as a de facto nuclear power.
- “India’s Nuclear policy is deeply influenced by its cultural beliefs and the pragmatic approach of its foreign policy.’ Discuss.
- Discuss the reasons behind India’s refusal to sign the nuclear non-proliferation treaty (NPT).
How this is taught
The same flow snapshot, built for every head of the syllabus, with the answer written in class.
The first session of Foundation 2027 is published in full.
Six programmes across three levels.