PYQ Vault · Paper 2 · India & the Global South

What diplomatic steps has India taken to articulate the interests of the Global South in International Politics?

How the answer moves

The flow snapshot — the routes in, the body, the counter-view and the routes out.

Flow snapshot — how the answer moves
Intro routes

Route 1 symbolic participation institutional leadership two levers: the room, and the agenda

Route 2 2023 as the turn a forum India convened + a seat India delivered every later step sorts into presence or agenda

Body flow

PRESENCE: VOGSS, three editions since 2023, 120+ countries AU into G20, September 2023 permanent African UNSC seat, Ezulwini Consensus AGENDA: TRIPS waiver with South Africa food security + public stockholding via G33 ITEC training, digital public infrastructure agenda widens to technology: India AI Impact Summit, February 2026, first in the Global South

Counter-view

Narlikar’s test: agenda-setting power, not token representation Mawdsley: summits as stages for pageantry and promises permanent solution on public stockholding refused again, Yaoundé, March 2026

Conclusion routes

Route 1 room widened, agenda shaped, rules unmoved

Route 2 presence secured; conversion of consensus into rules is the unfinished step

Model answer

Handwritten, in the form it would be written in the examination hall.

Handwritten model answer — UPSC PSIR 2023, India & the Global South