PYQ Vault · Paper 1 · Social Movements
Examine the nature of the civil liberty movement in India.
How the answer moves
The flow snapshot — the routes in, the body, the counter-view and the routes out.
Flow snapshot — how the answer moves
Intro routes
GB Civil liberty movement defends individual freedom, equality before law and rule of law against routes an arbitrary state.. read its nature through origin, method and limits. | R2 | Open from colonial roots → demands born of press curbs, racial discrimination, detention a State-facing struggle from the start.
Body flow
Colonial resistance (press restrictions, racial discrimination in courts, Rowlatt Act, detention. eee §=6without trial) Nilanjan Dutta, 19th-century demands ~. freedom struggle as a mass civil liberties movement.. Ambedkar links liberty to anti-caste struggle + minority protection → post- independence lull → Naxalite repression + Emergency 1975 revive it → Jayaprakash Narayan → PUCL & DR, 1976 -. split: liberal court-oriented wing / Marxist grassroots wing → dual character » methods (courts, PIL under Bhagwati, fact-finding, constitutional language, protest) – widening concerns (speech, detention, prison reform, tribal rights, displacement, privacy, information).
Counter-view
Nandita Haksar → movement bounded by nationalist discourse → zero tolerance towards view terrorism becomes zero tolerance towards activism.
Conclusion routes
| R1 That tension defines its nature → remains relevant amid surveillance, preventive detention routes and sedition-type laws. | R2 | Not one moment but a continuing struggle.. pluralin method and concern, state-facing throughout.
Model answer
Handwritten, in the form it would be written in the examination hall.
