PYQ Vault · Paper 1 · Social Movements
Comment on Environmentalism of the poor.
How the answer moves
The flow snapshot — the routes in, the body, the counter-view and the routes out.
Flow snapshot — how the answer moves
Intro routes
GB concept = ecological struggle of poor and marginal communities → livelihood, health, culture, routes autonomy at stake → survival, not leisure. | R2 | Not a post-material luxury.. for the poor, protecting forests/land /water is a survival struggle. ties human and ecological survival together.
Body flow
Martinez-Alier: ecological distribution conflicts (who bears costs / who gains) → Guha: Northern flow “full stomach” (scientists) vs Southern “empty stomach” (the poor) → joins distribution + recognition + participation; human rights = environmental rights —. arises around mining, dams, land grabbing, biomass; idiom of dignity and sacredness → Indian cases: Chipko (Guha’s label), Narmada, Niyamgiri, Tuticorin → Forest Rights Act, 2006 as a legal response.
Counter-view
The poor are not always environmentalists → the concept names only conflicts where survival view aligns with ecological preservation.
Conclusion routes
Conclusion | R1 Reframes environmentalism as justice — the distribution of ecological benefits and burdens. | R2 | Ecological protection and human survival are inseparable.. environment as equity, not leisure.
Model answer
Handwritten, in the form it would be written in the examination hall.
