PYQ Vault · Paper 2 · India & the Non-Aligned Movement
Compare and contrast Non-alignment 1.0 with Non- alignment 2.0.
How the answer moves
The flow snapshot — the routes in, the body, the counter-view and the routes out.
Flow snapshot — how the answer moves
Intro routes
R! 1.0 = Nehru’s answer to bipolarity → materially weak new state keeps freedom of decision by refusing both blocs → 2.0 = 2012, twelve experts → same freedom, almost opposite means R2 one label, two settings → bipolarity vs multipolarity → the real question: has the purpose changed, or only the method?
Body flow
shared ground first: anti-colonial / anti-imperialist → sovereignty + territorial integrity → no binding military bloc → 2.0’s own continuity claim (“strategic autonomy… defining value”) → then divergence: Cold War → globalisation Nehru’s personal initiative → multipolar order no leader designed distance from blocs → several alignments at once neighbours diluted → Act East / Link West strict Nehruvian bar → LEMOA, COMCASA
Counter-view
Karnad → 2.0 aregressive roadmap → moral influence over-weighted where material power decides
Conclusion routes
R1 purpose survives the change of method → autonomy in decision-making is the constant R2 Raja Mohan → from choosing sides to maximizing options
Model answer
Handwritten, in the form it would be written in the examination hall.
