PYQ Vault · Paper 2 · India & the Non-Aligned Movement
Non-Alignment 2.0 underscores India’s unique aspiration to emerge as a site for an alternative universality. Comment.
How the answer moves
The flow snapshot — the routes in, the body, the counter-view and the routes out.
Flow snapshot — how the answer moves
Intro routes
R1 NA 2.0, 2012, twelve experts → what order should a rising India want → autonomy + openness, not hegemony or blocs → claim of universality sits here R2 incumbent universal = Western liberal hegemony → other pole = rigid bloc politics → NA 2.0 positions India as a third site strategic autonomy as defining value → “maximum options” → polycentric world, networks not fixed alliances → so the universal offered is a method, not a creed for export → pedigree: Bandyopadhyaya, weaker states from objects to subjects → same claim restated for multipolarity → Voice of Global South Summits + AU into G20 under India’s presidency = building the site
Body flow
Karnad: regressive roadmap → ideational and moral influence overweighted against material power → a site that cannot deliver remains only an intention
Counter-view
R1 aspiration real and distinctly Indian → universality turns on converting convening power into usable outcomes R2 1.0 universalised by making weak states subjects → 2.0’s test is the same work done by delivery, not declaration
Model answer
Handwritten, in the form it would be written in the examination hall.
