PYQ Vault · Paper 2 · India & the UN System

Explain the factors which justify India’s claim for a permanent seat at the UN security council. (2022/15 marks)

How the answer moves

The flow snapshot — the routes in, the body, the counter-view and the routes out.

Flow snapshot — how the answer moves
Intro routes

Route 1 permanent membership still a 1945 settlement of the war victors India’s exclusion now the sharpest anomaly

Route 2 not one credential but a convergence a Council built for the past cannot exclude India and stay legitimate

Body flow

founding member, universal character (Bhagavan, Ghetto Act) eight non-permanent terms, sustained engagement most populous (China 2023) + fourth-largest economy (IMF 2025) + largest democracy + responsible nuclear power (NFU) peacekeeping, largest cumulative contributor implementers should shape mandates voice of the developing world (NAM, G-77, L.69) backing of four P5 + 120-plus states 2024 Pact for the Future endorses redressing Africa/Asia under-representation

Counter-view

credentials have not delivered Council frozen, China non-committal, Pact short on a negotiating text Shyam Saran: build concrete power, seat not owed

Conclusion routes

Route 1 the factors justify the claim in justice convert rising weight into influence

Route 2 merit alone will not open the Council make the claim irresistible, not merely just

Model answer

Handwritten, in the form it would be written in the examination hall.

Handwritten model answer — UPSC PSIR 2022, India & the UN System