PYQ Vault · Paper 2 · Comparative Politics

What are the crucial functions of empirical political theory in Comparative Politics?

How the answer moves

The flow snapshot — the routes in, the body, the counter-view and the routes out.

Flow snapshot — how the answer moves
Intro routes

Route 1 EPT = abstract facts → generalisations + hypotheses → tested against evidence → gives CP its scientific character

Route 2 Popper: deductive side → proposition first → empirical research verifies against facts → functions flow from this

Body flow

empirical testing of assumptions (median voter theorem) → systematic comparative analysis across countries → prediction of trends → policy evaluation → democratic processes (electoral systems/parties/voter behaviour) → institutional analysis → advanced statistical methods → Lijphart & Dahl: essential to understanding systems → replication (King, Keohane, Verba: shared goal = logical inference) → refine/build new theories

Counter-view

purely empirical focus can neglect the state → concept of political system left elusive

Conclusion routes

Route 1 EPT makes comparative knowledge cumulative + testable, not merely descriptive

Route 2 strength lies in replication → scientific, theory-building character is EPT’s core contribution to CP

Model answer

Handwritten, in the form it would be written in the examination hall.

Handwritten model answer — UPSC PSIR 2023, Comparative Politics