PYQ Vault · Paper 1 · Social Movements
Critically examine the provisions made in the Constitution for the protection of Environment.
How the answer moves
The flow snapshot — the routes in, the body, the counter-view and the routes out.
Flow snapshot — how the answer moves
Intro routes
© Constitution offers no single environmental provision → protects through an enabling spread routes of duties, directives and rights → deepened by the courts. &3 Environmental protection sits in the Constitution as an enabling framework → Directive Principles + Fundamental Duty + judicially expanded Article 21 → both strength and limits flow from this.
Body flow
Directive Principles set the State’s duty (Art 48-A environment/forests/wildlife; Art 47 public ewe = =6health; Art 48 agriculture-sustainability).. Fundamental Duty Art 51-A(g) makes the citizen responsible → enforceable core Article 21 → Supreme Court reads in a right to a healthy, pollution- free environment.. Dehradun Quarrying + M. C. Mehta strengthen the environmental meaning of life and liberty → PIL via Articles 32 & 226 → statutory backing (Environment Protection Act, Forest Conservation Act).
Counter-view
Counter- Provisions enabling, not self-executing.. Directive Principles + citizen duty non-justiciable.. force depends on judicial activism → central limitation is implementation (disasters, dilution of norms, weak enforcement) —. promise stays ahead of practice.
Conclusion routes
| RI | Framework enabling by design → limited by non-enforceable directives and the enforcement routes gap → promise runs ahead of practice. | R2 | Article 21 jurisprudence gives the framework real teeth.. but constitutional protection is only as strong as its enforcement.
Model answer
Handwritten, in the form it would be written in the examination hall.
