PYQ Vault · Paper 2 · Changing International Political Order
Discuss the ways to strengthen the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) to enable it to address the challenges faced by the developing countries.
How the answer moves
The flow snapshot — the routes in, the body, the counter-view and the routes out.
Flow snapshot — how the answer moves
Intro routes
BODY FLOW Repair 1, structural: Kochler — no charter / statute / secretariat — 120-odd members, declarations never become decisions —» consensus — diffuse agenda — fix: permanent secretariat + coordination mechanisms + specialised functionaries + frequent deliberation / Track-II — Repair 2, method: Jaishankar — loose grouping — results-oriented organisation — agenda already exists (17th Summit, Margarita Island 2016: UNSC reform, climate justice, unilateral coercive measures, financial architecture) — delivery is the gap — Khanna — economic turn, North-South bridge, inequality binds members — Repair 3, political: Paul — soft balancing, naming and shaming, Bandung spirit revivable — multilateral partnerships + forward-looking agenda + South-South cooperation + India's natural leadership
Body flow
COUNTER-VIEW Pant — dying organisation, drop old shibboleths → members now depend on the US — no reform buys hard power
Counter-view
CONCLUSION ROUTES R1 order drifting towards rival blocs (Sino-American rivalry) — Global South platform = leverage weaker states lack alone — rebuilt body + strategic autonomy — serves developing countries R2 never a third pole of power — but a repaired platform: structure, delivery, South-South economics — autonomy preserved in a bloc-forming order
Model answer
Handwritten, in the form it would be written in the examination hall.
