PYQ Vault · Paper 2 · Changing International Political Order
Do you endorse the view that the end of Bipolarity and the rise of multiple regional organisations has made
How the answer moves
The flow snapshot — the routes in, the body, the counter-view and the routes out.
Flow snapshot — how the answer moves
Intro routes
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Body flow
OE INTRO ROUTES R1 non-alignment # neutrality (Schwarzenberger) — negative base: stay out of military alliances — positive base: independence of judgment (Belgrade, 1961) — the question's two changes hit only the first base — endorse in part R2 NAM born to escape two camps — camps gone, groupings multiplied — real question: was bloc-avoidance ever the whole of non-alignment? — endorse in part
Counter-view
BODY FLOW the two bases — end of bipolarity empties the negative base — the positive base is untouched — Sreenivasan: freedom of judgment and action, valid whether one bloc or two — Paul: limited soft balancing, naming and shaming — partial credit for decolonisation, containing proliferation, easing bipolar tension — regional bodies work within regions; NAM's field is the Global South, its work normative
Conclusion routes
COUNTER-VIEW Kochler: NAM fitted the bipolar era alone; objectives redundant; members lean on the US; no charter, statute or secretariat — G-7 / ASEAN / SCO / BRICS carry the economic agenda NAM never built —» Raja Mohan: a movement in a "state of coma" CONCLUSION ROUTES R1 structural charge sticks, irrelevance charge fails → Jaishankar: independence of action continues as strategic autonomy — less central, not irrelevant R2 relevance has shifted, not ended — from bloc-avoidance to Global South voice and soft-balancing platform — "shifting and variable coalitions rather than settled alliances"
Model answer
Handwritten, in the form it would be written in the examination hall.
