The changing global order and ongoing regional conflicts, with the global powers taking sides, have
How the answer moves
The flow snapshot — the routes in, the body, the counter-view and the routes out.
Route 1 disarmament was a product of structure → parity + dialogue + shared institutions → those supports withdrawn → statement holds
Route 2 past gains came when rivals could still bargain → present order removes the bargaining floor → jeopardy is real
détente converts parity into treaties (SALT, ABM, hotline, START) → non-aligned push carries PTBT 1963 → that machinery gone → both arsenals modernising → New START lapse (Feb 2026), no cap in fifty-plus years → CTBT / FMCT / 2017 ban treaty blocked or boycotted → Ukraine destroys parity, dialogue, institutions → side-taking in regional wars: West Asia arms supplies + Iran–Saudi → South Asia standoff → doubtful US umbrella → Japan / South Korea / Gulf may revisit non-nuclear status (Perkovich & Acton) → side-taking spreads weapons
failure predates these wars → Simpson: under-delivery since the 1990s, blocked by the nuclear powers themselves → Mearsheimer: a thin order still carries arms control
Route 1 machinery of bargaining collapsed; restraint has not → India’s No First Use → verifiable, non-discriminatory framework
Route 2 the statement describes a real reversal, not a permanent fate → rebuild the missing supports: verification, non-discrimination, dialogue
Model answer
Handwritten, in the form it would be written in the examination hall.
Also asked on this head
Changing International Political Order — 12 questions in the Vault.
- Do you agree with the view that the USA uses NATO as a traditional tool of strategy to perpetuate its hegemony in the world?
- Discuss the various constraints on American hegemony today. Which of these are likely to become more prominent in the future?
- Discuss the relevance of the normative ethos of the Non-Aligned Movement in magnifying India’s soft power in pursuit of her national interest.
How this is taught
The same flow snapshot, built for every head of the syllabus, with the answer written in class.
The first session of Foundation 2027 is published in full.
Six programmes across three levels.