PYQ Vault · Paper 2 · South Asia: Regionalism, SAARC & BIMSTEC

Why do ethnic conflicts and insurgencies continue to remain major impediments to regional co-operation in South Asia?

How the answer moves

The flow snapshot — the routes in, the body, the counter-view and the routes out.

Flow snapshot — how the answer moves
Intro routes
Mallick, administrative straitjacket — Baloch / Chakma / Naga / Tamil insurgencies, homeland claims — working links cut first — Pakistan's Afghan crossings shut since Oct 2025 over the TTP > Central Asian transit stops with it — Kaladan and Trilateral Highway stalled inside Myanmar, June 2026 — SAARC charter bars bilateral questions + consensus rule
Body flow
Ghoshal, dormancy to militancy turns on state capacity — Manipur’s first Kuki-Zo talks, March 2026 — block is political, not permanent
Counter-view
ariaeite &! Cooperation stays hostage until accommodation is treated as a security interest R2 the border cuts through the community, so the ethnic question is regional by structure — no state settles its minority alone

Model answer

Handwritten, in the form it would be written in the examination hall.

Handwritten model answer — UPSC PSIR 2023, South Asia: Regionalism, SAARC & BIMSTEC