PYQ Vault · Paper 2 · Regionalisation of World Politics
Account for the rise of European Union as a highly influential regional organisation.
How the answer moves
The flow snapshot — the routes in, the body, the counter-view and the routes out.
Flow snapshot — how the answer moves
Intro routes
R1 EU as “gold standard” → post-war pact grows into supranational entity → rise followed a method / R2 problem of war answered with economic cooperation → each success carries the union into a new field
Body flow
post-war reconstruction forces cooperation → Mitrany’s functionalism (technical cooperation → habits of collaboration → spill into other domains) → Schuman & Monnet apply it → ECSC 1951, war “materially impossible” → community method over balance of power → Haas'’s spillover → EEC 1957 → success attracts more members → single market, euro, Schengen → Maastricht 1992 (foreign policy, security, justice) → enlargement consolidates post-communist democracy → Erasmus + rights → Fligstein’s “European society” → third-largest GDP, climate, CETA, JCPOA → global influence
Counter-view
the state never disappeared → Moravesik: national preferences + interstate bargaining set the pace → solidarity (Greece, transfers) keeps members willing → Brexit → exit stayed open
Conclusion routes
R1 pooled sovereignty without dissolving the state — cooperation binding, membership voluntary / R2 that balance is the achievement → benchmark others adapt but rarely copy
Model answer
Handwritten, in the form it would be written in the examination hall.
