PYQ Vault · Paper 2 · Recent Developments in Foreign Policy — Part 1
Evaluate India’s vision of a new world order.
How the answer moves
The flow snapshot — the routes in, the body, the counter-view and the routes out.
Flow snapshot — how the answer moves
Intro routes
f— now tne answer moves | R1 “new world order” from Bush 1991 (rule-based) + unipolarity fading into an Asian Century — India’s answer: multipolar, shared power/responsibility, not a hegemon-swap R2 reformist vision rooted in pluralist heritage + set against China’s “Middle Kingdom” -— rebalance the order, not replace it
Body flow
– strategic autonomy recast, inaction + action (Jaishankar) > non-alignment > multi-alignment, interest not loyalty (Raja Mohan) — democratise world politics (Avinash Kumar) > G20 2023 (“One Earth, One Family, One Future,” AU entry, Global Biofuels Alliance, IMEC vs BRI) > Voice of the Global South > bridge West-South (Bajpaee) — balancer — leading power
Counter-view
| premise contested: bipolar US-China, multipolarity a “costly illusion” (Rajagopalan) + post-hegemonic / multiplex order (Acharya) > so multipolarity is description + goal > yet character reformist not revisionist: BRICS anti-hegemonic without a clean break (Papa & Han) > limits: China security dilemma + few real partners (Farwa), Global-South claim contested (Brazil, Indonesia)
Conclusion routes
R1 coherent + distinctive vision + change through inclusion, not disruption R2 verdict hinges on two tests — multipolarity proving more than aspiration + flexible autonomy maturing into consistent leadership at home
Model answer
Handwritten, in the form it would be written in the examination hall.
