PYQ Vault · Paper 1 · Indian Political Thought
Manabendra Nath Roy’s political thought highlighted the humanistic aspects of Marxism. Discuss.
How the answer moves
The flow snapshot — the routes in, the body, the counter-view and the routes out.
Flow snapshot — how the answer moves
Intro routes
R1 not a break with Marx → humanism drawn out from within Marxism → individual freed R2 Roy’s aim = human liberation, not class power → release from exploitation, dogma, authority
Body flow
Pea Marxist start (anti-imperialism, class analysis, India in Transition) → Marx himself a humanist → Capital as social ethics / protest against servitude → Comintern exposes what smothers humanism → rejects proletarian dictatorship, party absolutism, economic determinism → Radical Humanism: protest against exploitation kept + sovereign individual → reason, morality, education, consent over class struggle and violence
Counter-view
sharp rupture from orthodox Marxism vs Kaviraj’s “substratum of philosophic continuity” / Bipan Chandra’s Marxism-liberal- humanism bridge
Conclusion routes
R1 every social order judged by the freedom it gives the individual eee R2 humanism of Marxism = social justice joined to individual liberty
Model answer
Handwritten, in the form it would be written in the examination hall.
