PYQ Vault · Paper 1 · Local Government
Has the 73rd Constitutional Amendment empowered women in panchayats in India? Discuss
How the answer moves
The flow snapshot — the routes in, the body, the counter-view and the routes out.
Flow snapshot — how the answer moves
Intro routes
GB Art 243D reserves 21/3 seats + chairperson posts > frame: has presence become power? G3 reservation = one of India’s largest democratic transformations > but numbers alone # power
Body flow
Art 243D reservation — scale: ~10 lakh women, 37%, Bihar 54% -— first- time entry incl. SC/ST — presence — participation ~ Buch (regular attendance) ~ Chattopadhyay & Duflo (drinking water / public goods) ~ Rao & Sanyal (Gram Sabha questions local inequalities)
Counter-view
formal entry # control — Pai’s “Pati Panchayat” (husbands / male kin govern in her name) ~ Mohanty (household burden, weak training, official non-cooperation) ~ Pande (rotation blocks re-election)
Conclusion routes
(3B Fraser: reservation = affirmative remedy (secures presence); transformative empowerment needs training, safety, devolution R2 | real in representation, unfinished in substance ~ door opened, project incomplete
Model answer
Handwritten, in the form it would be written in the examination hall.
