PYQ Vault · Paper 1 · Local Government
To what extent has 73rd and 74th amendments of the
How the answer moves
The flow snapshot — the routes in, the body, the counter-view and the routes out.
Flow snapshot — how the answer moves
Intro routes
7,!
Body flow
E39 one of the largest entries of women into elective office > “to what extent” = how far presence becomes power £23 reservation opened the third tier to women > empowerment tested by the gap between formal entry and substantive power
Counter-view
one-third seats + chairperson posts, up to 50% (Bihar, MP), rural and urban — lakhs enter, mostly first-timers (Palnitkar) → presence reshapes priorities: public goods / drinking water (Chattopadhyay & Duflo) + psychological confidence, reporting injustice (Iyer) — gain is political + psychological + developmental
Conclusion routes
entry → authority — proxy rule, “Pati Panchayat” (Sudha Pai) — patriarchy, low literacy, poor training, bureaucratic exclusion, seat rotation blocks re-election → urban corporators often lack a women’s agenda (Nanivdekar) — substantive empowerment stays uneven E23 decisive in representation, meaningful in voice and priorities > substantive gain still unfinished presence achieved; power contingent on capacity, safety and dismantling patriarchy
Model answer
Handwritten, in the form it would be written in the examination hall.
