PYQ Vault · Paper 1 · Planning & Economic Development
What do you understand by Green Revolution? Do you think that a Second Green Revolution is needed to adequately address the agrarian challenges in contemporary India? Examine.
How the answer moves
The flow snapshot — the routes in, the body, the counter-view and the routes out.
Flow snapshot — how the answer moves
Intro routes
RI | GR = HYV-seed + input + assured-price package (mid-1960s), Swaminathan /Borlaug → ‘begging bowl’ to ‘grain bowl; self-sufficiency → but gains narrow, model now exhausted GR ended food scarcity and famine fear → yet its costs bred today’s distress → so the question is what kind of second revolution, not whether to repeat gains carried costs → Frankel: economic gains + political costs → regional imbalance (Punjab/Haryana/W-UP vs eastern + rainfed) → Shiva: ecological price (groundwater / soil / monoculture) → chemical-heavy path → today’s crisis (suicides, debt, low profitability) SGR needed, not arepeat → Swaminathan’s “Evergreen Revolution”: productivity without ecological harm → eastern + dryland focus, watershed, micro-irrigation, diversification,
Body flow
climate-resilient / organic
Counter-view
technology alone cannot settle a political-economic crisis → Dreze & Sen: rising availability # fair distribution
Conclusion routes
yes, needed — but only as an Evergreen Revolution tied to procurement/MSP reform, public investment and secure land tenure → seeds alone insufficient a second revolution for eastern/rainfed India and sustainability, yet the crisis is political-economic → success rests on institutional reform, not technology alone
Model answer
Handwritten, in the form it would be written in the examination hall.
