PYQ Vault · Paper 1 · Planning & Economic Development
Comment on the relevance of the Directive Principles of State Policy in an era of liberalization and globalization.
How the answer moves
The flow snapshot — the routes in, the body, the counter-view and the routes out.
Flow snapshot — how the answer moves
Intro routes
G9 DPpsp = Part IV, Arts 36-51 → Austin’s “conscience of the constitution” → liberalisation makes them more necessary, not redundant DPSP = welfare / social-justice directions to the state → post-1991 market shift puts their place in question → they gain relevance instead
Body flow
state after 1991: protector → regulator/facilitator → market fundamentalism + rising inequality + welfare retreat → DPSP hold welfare character against roll- back → supplement FRs with socio-economic guarantees (work, food, education, health, environment) → Arts 39(b)/39(c) resist wealth concentration → Cox's internationalisation of the state → welfare under external pressure → equity matters more → proof in MGNREGA, NFSA, RTE + Air India Statutory Corporation v. United Labour Union (DPSP read as human rights)
Counter-view
market-fundamentalist call to “roll back the state” + welfare retrenchment → are DPSP outdated? → no: state’s retreat and widening inequality make the welfare compass more needed, not less
Conclusion routes
G3) DPsP ensure growth does not override social justice globalisation raises the stakes → DPSP keep a retreating, market-driven state tied to equity
Model answer
Handwritten, in the form it would be written in the examination hall.
