PYQ Vault · Paper 1 · Planning & Economic Development
High concentration of economic activities and consumption patterns in post-liberalisation period has
How the answer moves
The flow snapshot — the routes in, the body, the counter-view and the routes out.
Flow snapshot — how the answer moves
Intro routes
ucidate. I |
Body flow
earlier mass base: Chipko / Appiko / NBA / Silent Valley → post-1991 base weakens liberalisation reorders priorities → growth placed over ecology → movements lose ground
Counter-view
liberalisation concentrates industry / mining / infrastructure + FDI-driven extraction → tribal belts (Jharkhand / Odisha / Chhattisgarh / Andhra) → deforestation + displacement → growth prioritised over ecology → Arun Kumar: state- MNC nexus + weak enforcement + quick clearances + fragmented, expert-led mobilisation → consumption patterns: hyper-consumerism / food waste / rising Gini → Meadows: environmentalism never an organized
Conclusion routes
movement, media can’t cover it failure only partial → Supreme Court jurisprudence fills the gap → polluter pays / precautionary principle / Article 21 “right to environment” concentration + consumption together displaced mass ecological mobilisation revival needs stronger enforcement + wider public participation + democratic ecological planning
Model answer
Handwritten, in the form it would be written in the examination hall.
