What are the notable features of the recently concluded pact or the Acquisition and Cross-Servicing Agreement (ACSA) between India and Japan? How is it likely to address the security concerns of India?
How the answer moves
The flow snapshot — the routes in, the body, the counter-view and the routes out.
Route 1 signed 9 Sept 2020, in force July 2021 → the name says supplies and services, not bases → reach without obligation
Route 2 India’s logistics network after LEMOA → Japan added as an enabling framework, not an alliance → worth and limit in the same clause
permissive design: either may ask, other may provide → fifteen categories, food to port services → activities: exercises, UN peacekeeping, relief, evacuation, port visits → weapons and ammunition excluded → ten years, auto-renewal → distance converted into range → Djibouti / Andamans / Malacca → Malabar, JIMEX easier to sustain → joins the LEMOA network
Basrur and Kutty: autonomy preferred to alliance → so no obligation in a crisis → no reciprocal access agreement, unlike Australia and the Philippines → Lidarev: not a full ally → Taiwan contingency, access becomes exposure
Route 1 cost of presence falls, cost of commitment avoided
Route 2 maritime reach gained, land border with China untouched
Model answer
Handwritten, in the form it would be written in the examination hall.
Also asked on this head
India and the Global Centres of Power — 20 questions in the Vault.
- The tariff threats have pushed India and the European Union closer. Evaluate the India-EU partnership.
- Historical ties between India and Japan grew into a ‘special strategic and global partnership. Comment.
- Bhutan has historically been an ally of India, but the China-Bhutan border related issues have become a security issue for India. Discuss.
How this is taught
The same flow snapshot, built for every head of the syllabus, with the answer written in class.
The first session of Foundation 2027 is published in full.
Six programmes across three levels.